A review of using β-cyclodextrin-based catalysts for Sonogashira reactions

Abstract

β-Cyclodextrins are the most considerable type of supramolecular, which are being vastly investigated for diverse uses owing to their outstanding features such as biodegradability, abundant, nontoxic, cheap, and excellent performance in organic conversions. Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction is the most well-known in the area of chemistry. Sonogashira reaction is a precious strategy for creating C–C bonds. They have been broadly employed in the preparation of multiple carbon molecules. The Sonogashira reaction is a well-known, efficient, and useful reaction widely employed in organic chemistry. They are used in multiple fields like organic synthesis, synthesis of heterocycles, pharmaceuticals, natural products, and nanomaterials. This coupling reaction is a renowned procedure for sp²-carbon-sp-carbon bond construction in organic synthesis. This review intends to summarize the usage of β-cyclodextrin-based catalyst systems in carbon-carbon coupling Sonogashira reactions and overview articles up to 2025. We hope the chemistry of β-cyclodextrin and its uses for green organic conversions debated in the current review will inspire new thinking and open new doors in this area.