Investigation of the correlation between geomagnetic storms and cosmic ray intensity as well as cosmic ray intensity variation with solar wind parameters during three consecutive solar cycles 23, 24, and 25

Abstract

A systematic correlation study has been performed in order to establish a significant association between CRI (cosmic ray intensity) and the following parameters: flow pressure, solar wind speed, plasma proton density, solar wind plasma temperature, and IMF (interplanetary magnetic field) for solar cycles 23 and 24, as well as the most recent solar cycle 25. To do this, we used a Chree analysis by superposed-epoch technique to investigate the link between hour-to-hour changes of CRI and the above-mentioned parameters. We found that there is a strong link between CRI and solar wind speed when compared to IMF. This suggests that solar wind speed is a more capable parameter than IMF to cause a decline in CRI. It was observed that for all three solar cycles, there is an inverse correlation between IMF and solar wind speed and a positive correlation between Dst and CRI. We found that solar wind plasma temperature, flow pressure, and plasma proton density have weak correlations with CRI, making them ineffective for CRs (cosmic rays). For all three solar cycles' intense and severe storms, we have discovered a very interesting and adequate result: maximum decline in CRI is observed on the days of minimal Dst (0–11hrs), IMF maximum (0–19hrs), and peak solar wind speed (0–15hrs). We discovered that the instantaneous modulation of CRI is caused by both the solar wind speed and the IMF. Notable behavior was displayed in the years 1999, 2000, 2004, 2014, 2016 2018, and 2023.