24-Hour Movement Behavior and Health-Related Physical Fitness in College Students: A Compositional Data Analysis.

Abstract

Background: Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity are primary factors contributing to college students' continued decline in health-related physical fitness (HRPF). This study aims to examine the associations between 24-h movement behavior and HRPF, and explore the dose-response relationship between the reallocation of movement behavior time and HRPF.

Method: In total, 1032 college students (649 males and 383 females) aged 19.5 years from China University of Mining and Technology were recruited to participate in the study in October 2023. The 24-h movement behavior was measured using reliable items from the 24-h Movement Behavior Questionnaire (reliability coefficients 0.68 to 0.97). HRPF was assessed using the Fitness Test Battery, which measures BMI, vital capacity, sit-and-reach, stand-long-jump, pull-up/crunches, 50-m sprint, and the 800/1000-m run. The isotemporal substitution model was applied to evaluate the health effects of different movement components.

Results: The 24-h movement behavior significantly influenced HRPF (p < 0.01, R² = 0.16). A positive correlation was found between HRPF and the proportion of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (β_MVPA = 1.03, p < 0.01) and learning sedentary (LSED) (β_LSED = 2.41, p < 0.05), while a negative correlation existed with sleep (β_SLP =  - 3.52, p < 0.01). Significant reallocations of 30 min from sleep to MVPA (+ 0.57, p < 0.05) and from screening sedentary (SSED) to MVPA (+ 0.39, p < 0.05) were observed. No significant associations were found between HRPF and reallocating from light-intensity physical activity to MVPA.

Conclusion: In addition to MVPA, it is important to consider the health risks associated with SSED and excessive sleep and to maintain a balanced time structure of 24-h movement behavior to promote health.