Effect of Nurse Residency Programs on New Graduate Nurses Entering the Critical Care Setting: An Integrative Review.

Abstract

The transition period from undergraduate nursing education to professional practice is a time of uncertainty and great difficulty for new graduate nurses (NGNs). Nurse residency programs (NRPs) provide structured education, simulation-based learning, and preceptorship to ease the transition. Although its effect on improving retention of NGNs is well established in the literature, the effect on clinical competency has not been documented as well. The purpose of this integrative review is to appraise the available literature and synthesize the evidence that demonstrates the effect of NRPs on clinical competency of NGNs entering the critical care setting. Inclusion criteria were quantitative and qualitative studies, peer-reviewed studies published after 2004 and in English, identified through a systematic literature search using the CINAHL database. Critical appraisal of the articles was completed using Law et al's Critical Review Form. Eight articles (4 quantitative, 3 mixed method, and 1 qualitative study) met the inclusion criteria. The themes identified were common tools used to assess the efficacy of NRPs, improved clinical competency of NGNs, improved self-confidence, improved retention rates, and peer support among NGNs. Implications for nursing education and practice include applying evidence-based NRPs, incorporating simulation, enhancing sustainability, and reducing NRP variability through accreditation.