Numerical study of heat release rate indicators in 1D and 2D atmospheric and high pressure premixed ammonia-air and ammonia-hydrogen-air tubular flames

IF 5.8 2区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Combustion and Flame Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI:10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114066

Frances C. Brown, Robert W. Pitz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Heat release rate (HRR) is an important flame characteristic, providing information about thermoacoustic instabilities and flame front location in practical combustion applications. HRR indicators are essential to determining heat release rate profiles because HRR cannot be measured experimentally. Several indicators have been proposed for NH₃/air and NH₃/H₂/air flames, but no study has looked at how stretch rate or curvature might affect the performance of these suggested indicators. The numerically predicted species concentration profiles of measurable proposed tracers are compared to the calculated heat release rate profiles to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the best heat release rate markers in stretched premixed 1D tubular flames for a range of equivalence ratios and pressures as well as in atmospheric 2D cellular dual tubular NH₃/H₂/air flames. [O][NH₂] was found to be a well performing indicator for a wide range of pressures and equivalence ratios in the stretched and curved 1D NH₃/air and NH₃/H₂/air tubular flames. [OH][NH₃] was the best performing marker when the flames were in the stoichiometric regime. If a single species indicator is desired to reduce complexity of simultaneous multi-species measurements, [NH] performed well for all the 1D flames investigated but it was consistently outperformed by the species combinations. In the 2D cellular dual tubular flames, [NH] outperformed all the species combinations considered.

Novelty and significance statement

To characterize ammonia combustion accurately, heat release rate indicators need to be defined for a wide array of flame conditions and burner configurations. Several studies have defined potential heat release rate indicators for different equivalence ratios and burners. The present study identifies an HRR indicator for an array of flame conditions that are experiencing stretch and curvature. These conditions include high pressure and atmospheric pressure flames, lean and rich flames, and 1D non-cellular and 2D cellular flames. The identified indicator is of use to experimentalists because it utilizes a single species allowing for a less complex measurement procedure compared to simultaneous multi-species measurement.

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来源期刊

Combustion and Flame 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.50

自引率

20.50%

发文量

631

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： The mission of the journal is to publish high quality work from experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations on the fundamentals of combustion phenomena and closely allied matters. While submissions in all pertinent areas are welcomed, past and recent focus of the journal has been on: Development and validation of reaction kinetics, reduction of reaction mechanisms and modeling of combustion systems, including: Conventional, alternative and surrogate fuels; Pollutants; Particulate and aerosol formation and abatement; Heterogeneous processes. Experimental, theoretical, and computational studies of laminar and turbulent combustion phenomena, including: Premixed and non-premixed flames; Ignition and extinction phenomena; Flame propagation; Flame structure; Instabilities and swirl; Flame spread; Multi-phase reactants. Advances in diagnostic and computational methods in combustion, including: Measurement and simulation of scalar and vector properties; Novel techniques; State-of-the art applications. Fundamental investigations of combustion technologies and systems, including: Internal combustion engines; Gas turbines; Small- and large-scale stationary combustion and power generation; Catalytic combustion; Combustion synthesis; Combustion under extreme conditions; New concepts.