An archetype for the doctoral prepared advanced practice nurse: Mary Bristow Willeford (1900–1941), nurse-midwife and doctor of philosophy

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q1 NURSING
Janet L. Engstrom PhD, APRN, CNM, WHNP-BC, CNE, Anne Z. Cockerham PhD, APRN, CNM, WHNP-BC, CNE
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Abstract

Objective

Advances in nursing education and practice in the early twentieth century are examined using the biography of Mary Bristow Willeford (1900–1941), one of the first nurses in the United States to practice as a nurse-midwife and earn a doctoral degree.

Methods

This historiographic research used a social history perspective to examine Willeford's education and career, and the social forces that facilitated her accomplishments.

Findings

Willeford practiced as a nurse-midwife beginning in 1926 and earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1932. She held leadership positions at the Frontier Nursing Service and oversaw much of their data systems on the processes, outcomes, and cost of care, and was a founding member of the first professional organization for nurse-midwives in the United States. Willeford later worked as a consultant for the California Department of Health, educating nurses about maternal, infant, and child health, and for the United States Children's Bureau, improving the practice of midwives and developing nurse-midwifery educational programs. Throughout her career, Willeford was well mentored and given educational, professional, and clinical practice opportunities by leaders, educators, and researchers in nursing and other health sciences.

Summary

Willeford was a pioneering nurse whose career exemplifies the work that can be accomplished by nurses with a strong educational foundation, advanced practice opportunities, and ongoing mentorship across the health sciences.
玛丽·布里斯托·威尔福德(Mary Bristow Willeford, 1900-1941)是一位有博士学位的高级实习护士的原型,她既是护士又是助产士,还是哲学博士
目的:通过玛丽·布里斯托·威尔福德(1900-1941)的传记,研究了20世纪早期护理教育和实践的进展,玛丽·布里斯托·威尔福德是美国第一批获得博士学位的护士之一。方法本史学研究采用社会历史的视角来考察Willeford的教育和职业生涯,以及促成她取得成就的社会力量。1926年,斯维尔福德开始从事助产士护理工作,并于1932年获得哲学博士学位。她在前沿护理服务(Frontier Nursing Service)担任领导职务,负责监督其流程、结果和护理成本的大部分数据系统,并且是美国第一个专业护士助产士组织的创始成员。Willeford后来在加州卫生部担任顾问,对护士进行母婴和儿童健康方面的教育,并在美国儿童局担任顾问,改进助产士的实践,发展护士-助产教育项目。在她的职业生涯中,Willeford受到了护理和其他健康科学领域的领导者、教育工作者和研究人员的良好指导,并获得了教育、专业和临床实践的机会。willeford是一位先锋护士,她的职业生涯证明了护士可以通过强大的教育基础、先进的实践机会和持续的健康科学指导来完成工作。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
8.00%
发文量
153
审稿时长
52 days
期刊介绍: The Journal will accept articles that focus on baccalaureate and higher degree nursing education, educational research, policy related to education, and education and practice partnerships. Reports of original work, research, reviews, insightful descriptions, and policy papers focusing on baccalaureate and graduate nursing education will be published.
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