Trends in Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity by Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Income among United States Adults, 1999 to 2018.

IF 6.8 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI:10.4093/dmj.2024.0364

Wen Zeng, Weijiao Zhou, Junlan Pu, Juan Li, Xiao Hu, Yuanrong Yao, Shaomei Shang

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Abstract

Background: This study aimed to estimate temporal trends in metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) among United States (US) adults by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and income from 1999 to 2018.

Methods: We included 17,230 non-pregnant adults from a nationally representative cross-sectional study, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). MUO was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 with any metabolic disorders in blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids. The age-adjusted percentage of MUO was calculated, and linear regression models estimated trends in MUO.

Results: The weighted mean age of adults was 47.28 years; 51.02% were male, 74.64% were non-Hispanic White. The age-adjusted percentage of MUO continuously increased in adults across all subgroups during 1999-2018, although with different magnitudes (all P<0.05 for linear trend). Adults aged 45 to 64 years consistently had higher percentages of MUO from 1999-2000 (34.25%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25.85% to 42.66%) to 2017-2018 (42.03%; 95% CI, 35.09% to 48.97%) than the other two age subgroups (P<0.05 for group differences). The age-adjusted percentage of MUO was the highest among non-Hispanic Blacks while the lowest among non-Hispanic Whites in most cycles. Adults with high-income levels generally had lower MUO percentages from 1999-2000 (22.63%; 95% CI, 17.00% to 28.26%) to 2017-2018 (32.36%; 95% CI, 23.87% to 40.85%) compared with the other two subgroups.

Conclusion: This study detected a continuous linear increasing trend in MUO among US adults from 1999 to 2018. The persistence of disparities by age, race/ethnicity, and income is a cause for concern. This calls for implementing evidence-based, structural, and effective MUO prevention programs.

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来源期刊

Diabetes & Metabolism Journal Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

CiteScore

10.40

自引率

6.80%

发文量

审稿时长

52 weeks

期刊介绍： The aims of the Diabetes & Metabolism Journal are to contribute to the cure of and education about diabetes mellitus, and the advancement of diabetology through the sharing of scientific information on the latest developments in diabetology among members of the Korean Diabetes Association and other international societies. The Journal publishes articles on basic and clinical studies, focusing on areas such as metabolism, epidemiology, pathogenesis, complications, and treatments relevant to diabetes mellitus. It also publishes articles covering obesity and cardiovascular disease. Articles on translational research and timely issues including ubiquitous care or new technology in the management of diabetes and metabolic disorders are welcome. In addition, genome research, meta-analysis, and randomized controlled studies are welcome for publication. The editorial board invites articles from international research or clinical study groups. Publication is determined by the editors and peer reviewers, who are experts in their specific fields of diabetology.