Energy management in a microgrid equipped with an electric vehicle based on the internet of things considering responsive load

Abstract

Advancements in renewable energy technologies have positioned microgrids as essential applications of the Internet of Things (IoT), necessitating innovative energy management systems. This study introduces a dual-layer energy trading framework designed to optimize interactions among interconnected microgrids and users. The upper layer focuses on energy exchanges between microgrids, while the lower layer manages transactions among local users. A novel Energy-Trading Management Algorithm (ETMA), based on the Meerkat Optimization Algorithm (MOA), is proposed to tackle the complexities of this system. By integrating a multiblockchain structure with a Delegated Proof of Reputation (DPoR) consensus protocol, the framework ensures secure and private transactions while incentivizing compliance among participants. Experimental validation with real-world data from Guizhou demonstrates significant improvements in efficiency and utility for both users and microgrid operators (MGOs) compared to traditional methods. This approach sets a new benchmark for scalable, secure, and efficient energy management in microgrid environments.