Dynamics of bacterial growth, and life-history tradeoffs, explain differences in soil carbon cycling due to land-use.

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY
ISME communications Pub Date : 2025-01-30 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ismeco/ycaf014
Cassandra J Wattenburger, Evangeline Wang, Daniel H Buckley
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Abstract

Soil contains a considerable fraction of Earth's organic carbon. Bacterial growth and mortality drive the microbial carbon pump, influencing carbon use efficiency and necromass production, key determinants for organic carbon persistence in soils. However, bacterial growth dynamics in soil are poorly characterized. We used an internal standard approach to normalize 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing data allowing us to quantify growth dynamics for 30 days following plant litter input to soil. We show that clustering taxa into three groups optimized variation of bacterial growth parameters in situ. These three clusters differed significantly with respect to their lag time, growth rate, growth duration, and change in abundance due to growth (ΔNg) and mortality (ΔNd), matching predictions of Grime's CSR life-history framework. In addition, we show a striking relationship between ΔNg and ΔNd, which reveals that growth in soil is tightly coupled to death. This result suggests a fitness paradox whereby some bacteria can optimize fitness in soil by minimizing mortality rather than maximizing growth. We hypothesized that land-use constrains microbial growth dynamics by favoring different life-history strategies and that these constraints control carbon mineralization. We show that life-history groups vary in prevalence with respect to land-use, and that bacterial growth dynamics correlated with carbon mineralization rate and net growth efficiency. Meadow soil supported more bacterial growth, greater mortality, and higher growth efficiency than agricultural soils, pointing toward more efficient conversion of plant litter into microbial necromass, which should promote long-term C stabilization.

细菌生长的动态和生活史的权衡解释了土地利用导致的土壤碳循环的差异。
土壤含有地球上相当一部分的有机碳。细菌的生长和死亡驱动微生物碳泵,影响碳利用效率和坏死物的产生,这是土壤中有机碳持久性的关键决定因素。然而,土壤中细菌生长动态的特征却很少。我们使用内部标准方法来标准化16S核糖体RNA基因测序数据,使我们能够量化植物凋落物输入土壤后30天的生长动态。结果表明,三组聚类优化了细菌原位生长参数的变化。这三个集群在滞后时间、生长速率、生长持续时间以及由于生长(ΔNg)和死亡率(ΔNd)而引起的丰度变化方面存在显著差异,这与Grime的CSR生活史框架的预测相匹配。此外,我们还展示了ΔNg和ΔNd之间的惊人关系,这表明土壤中的生长与死亡紧密相连。这一结果表明了一个适应性悖论,即一些细菌可以通过最小化死亡率而不是最大化生长来优化土壤适应性。我们假设土地利用通过支持不同的生活史策略来限制微生物的生长动态,这些限制控制着碳矿化。研究表明,生活史类群在土地利用方面存在差异,细菌生长动态与碳矿化率和净生长效率相关。草甸土壤比农业土壤支持更多的细菌生长,更高的死亡率和更高的生长效率,这表明植物凋落物更有效地转化为微生物坏死团,这应该促进长期的碳稳定。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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