Unraveling the influence of microbial necromass on subsurface microbiomes: metabolite utilization and community dynamics.

IF 5.1 Q1 ECOLOGY
ISME communications Pub Date : 2025-01-29 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1093/ismeco/ycaf006
Brianna K Finley, Brandon C Enalls, Markus de Raad, Mariam Al Said, Mingfei Chen, Dominique C Joyner, Terry C Hazen, Trent R Northen, Romy Chakraborty
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Abstract

The role of microbial necromass (nonliving microbial biomass), a significant component of belowground organic carbon, in nutrient cycling and its impact on the dynamics of microbial communities in subsurface systems remains poorly understood. It is currently unclear whether necromass metabolites from various microbes are different, whether certain groups of metabolites are preferentially utilized over others, or whether different microbial species respond to various necromass metabolites. In this study, we aimed to fill these knowledge gaps by designing enrichments with necromass as the sole nutrient source for subsurface microbial communities. We used the soluble fraction of necromass from bacterial isolates belonging to Arthrobacter, Agrobacterium, and Pseudomonas genera, and our results indicate that metabolite composition of necromass varied slightly across different strains but generally included amino acids, organic acids, and nucleic acid constituents. Arthrobacter-derived necromass appeared more recalcitrant. Necromass metabolites enriched diverse microbial genera, particularly Massilia sp. responded quickly regardless of the necromass source. Despite differences in necromass utilization, microbial community composition converged rapidly over time across the three different necromass amendments. Uracil, xanthine, valine, and phosphate-containing isomers were generally depleted over time, indicating microbial assimilation for maintenance and growth. However, numerous easily assimilable metabolites were not significantly depleted, suggesting efficient necromass recycling and the potential for necromass stabilization in systems. This study highlights the dynamic interactions between microbial necromass metabolites and subsurface microbial communities, revealing both selective utilization and rapid community and necromass convergence regardless of the necromass source.

揭示微生物坏死团对地下微生物组的影响:代谢物利用和群落动态。
微生物坏死体(无生命微生物生物量)是地下有机碳的重要组成部分,其在养分循环中的作用及其对地下系统微生物群落动态的影响尚不清楚。目前尚不清楚来自不同微生物的坏死团代谢物是否不同,是否某些代谢物组比其他代谢物组更被优先利用,或者不同的微生物物种是否对不同的坏死团代谢物有反应。在这项研究中,我们旨在通过设计以坏死块为地下微生物群落的唯一营养来源的富集物来填补这些知识空白。我们使用了来自节杆菌、农杆菌和假单胞菌属细菌分离物的坏死块的可溶性部分,我们的结果表明,不同菌株的坏死块代谢物组成略有不同,但通常包括氨基酸、有机酸和核酸成分。关节菌源性坏死块表现出更强的顽固性。坏死团的代谢物丰富了不同的微生物属,特别是麻孢杆菌,无论坏死团的来源如何,都能迅速做出反应。尽管坏死团的利用存在差异,但随着时间的推移,微生物群落组成在三种不同的坏死团修正中迅速趋同。尿嘧啶、黄嘌呤、缬氨酸和含磷酸盐的异构体通常随着时间的推移而耗尽,表明微生物同化维持和生长。然而,许多容易吸收的代谢物并没有明显的消耗,这表明有效的坏死团循环和系统中坏死团稳定的潜力。这项研究强调了微生物坏死团代谢物与地下微生物群落之间的动态相互作用,揭示了无论坏死团来源如何,群落和坏死团的选择性利用和快速收敛。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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