Uncaria-derived compounds for cancer treatment: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential

Abstract

Uncaria is a traditional medicinal plant belonging to the Rubiaceae family, with a particularly strong presence in Asia, Central America, and South America. Recent studies have indicated the potential of Uncaria-derived compounds, particularly alkaloids such as rhynchophylline and mitraphylline, as a means of cancer therapy. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanistic insights into how these compounds exert anticancer effects, including their roles in apoptosis induction, cell cycle regulation, and modulation of key signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK. Furthermore, we examine the capacity of Uncaria-derived compounds to augment the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics and their potential to mitigate adverse effects. Preclinical and clinical studies highlight the potential of Uncaria-derived compounds as a multifaceted approach to cancer treatment. Despite promising findings, further investigations are required to elucidate the full spectrum of their pharmacological activities, optimize dosage regimens, and assess long-term safety. This review emphasises the significance of Uncaria-derived compounds as a promising avenue for adjunctive cancer therapy, paving the way for future research and clinical applications.