New Gas-Efficient Authenticated Range Query Schemes in Hybrid-Storage Blockchain

IF 6.7 2区计算机科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI:10.1109/TNSE.2024.3521398

Yulong Chen;Bo Yin;Alia Asheralieva;Xuetao Wei

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Blockchain is a promising technology that ensures data integrity for applications. However, the expensive cost of blockchain storage makes putting all data on-chain impossible. Hybrid-storage blockchain (HSB) can alleviate this problem by storing the data content off-chain and the data hash on-chain while using an authenticated data structure (ADS) in the smart contract to ensure the integrity of data storage and retrieval. The key challenge in HSB is minimizing the maintenance cost of ADS on-chain. In this paper, we focus on the authenticated range query in HSB and propose a new scheme named UpOnFly to efficiently maintain the root of the MB-tree as ADS for any dynamic changes without using all the data or storing internal nodes of the tree in the smart contract. Furthermore, without sacrificing much off-chain verification performance, we propose another new scheme named KeyLink that decouples the on-chain ADS and the off-chain index and only maintains the order of all data keys in the smart contract, in which the ADS maintenance cost is significantly reduced and will not increase with the dataset size. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the UpOnFly scheme requires only

$63\%$

and

$48\%$

of the gas consumption of the state-of-the-art approach

$GEM^{2*}$

-tree with the dataset size of

$10^6$

and

$10^8$

, respectively. The KeyLink scheme is even more efficient, requiring only

$29\%$

and

$18\%$

of the gas consumption of

$GEM^{2*}$

-tree with the dataset size of

$10^6$

and

$10^8$

, respectively.

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区块链是一项前景广阔的技术，可确保应用程序的数据完整性。然而，区块链存储成本昂贵，不可能将所有数据都放在链上。混合存储区块链（HSB）可以缓解这一问题，它将数据内容存储在链外，将数据哈希值存储在链上，同时在智能合约中使用认证数据结构（ADS）来确保数据存储和检索的完整性。HSB 的关键挑战在于最大限度地降低链上 ADS 的维护成本。在本文中，我们将重点放在 HSB 中的认证范围查询上，并提出了一种名为 UpOnFly 的新方案，在不使用智能合约中的所有数据或存储树的内部节点的情况下，有效地维护 MB 树的根作为 ADS，以应对任何动态变化。此外，在不牺牲大量链外验证性能的前提下，我们提出了另一种名为 KeyLink 的新方案，该方案将链上 ADS 与链外索引解耦，只维护智能合约中所有数据密钥的顺序，其中 ADS 的维护成本大幅降低，且不会随数据集规模的增加而增加。大量实验结果表明，在数据集规模分别为10^6美元和10^8美元的情况下，UpOnFly方案的耗气量仅为最先进方法$GEM^{2*}$树的63%$和48%$。KeyLink 方案的效率更高，在数据集大小为 10^6$ 和 10^8$ 的情况下，其耗气量分别仅为 $GEM^{2*}$-tree 的 29%$ 和 18%$。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering Engineering-Control and Systems Engineering

CiteScore

12.60

自引率

9.10%

发文量

393

期刊介绍： The proposed journal, called the IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering (TNSE), is committed to timely publishing of peer-reviewed technical articles that deal with the theory and applications of network science and the interconnections among the elements in a system that form a network. In particular, the IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering publishes articles on understanding, prediction, and control of structures and behaviors of networks at the fundamental level. The types of networks covered include physical or engineered networks, information networks, biological networks, semantic networks, economic networks, social networks, and ecological networks. Aimed at discovering common principles that govern network structures, network functionalities and behaviors of networks, the journal seeks articles on understanding, prediction, and control of structures and behaviors of networks. Another trans-disciplinary focus of the IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering is the interactions between and co-evolution of different genres of networks.