Targeting MLKL ameliorates T-2 toxin-induced cartilage damage by inhibiting chondrocyte death and matrix degradation in mice

IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 TOXICOLOGY
Meng Zhang, Xiaoru Zhao, Yue Liu, Yinan Liu, Yawen Shi, Ying Zhang, Jinghong Chen
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Abstract

T-2 toxin is the most toxic mycotoxin found in contaminated food and animal feed that threatens health. Exposure to T-2 toxin causes cartilage damage and leads to joint disorders, but the mechanisms underlying T-2 toxin-induced cartilage damage remain unclear. The results showed that T-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte death in articular cartilage from rats fed T-2 toxin (200 ng/g b.w./day) caused a significant increase in phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein 3 (p-RIPK3) and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase-like protein (p-MLKL). In vitro studies showed that T-2 toxin (48 ng/mL) reduced the viability of C-28/I2 chondrocytes, increased cell apoptosis, and significantly upregulated the expression of p-MLKL. The results suggest that chondrocyte necroptosis is involved in T-2 toxin-induced cartilage damage. Furthermore, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a necroptosis inhibitor, significantly attenuated T-2 toxin-induced cell death and the increase of p-MLKL. Further studies showed that mlkl−/− mice suppressed T-2 toxin-induced chondrocyte death, and mlkl−/− mice upregulated T-2 toxin-induced proteoglycan content and type II collagen reduction in mouse articular cartilage, and reduced increased matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression. Besides, the p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL were significantly increased in the articular cartilage of KBD patients. This study highlights the role of RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis in T-2 toxin-induced articular cartilage damage. Inhibition of MLKL alleviates T-2 toxin-induced cartilage damage by reducing chondrocyte death and matrix degradation in mice. These results suggest a potential therapeutic target for mitigating T-2 toxin-induced cartilage damage.

Abstract Image

靶向MLKL通过抑制小鼠软骨细胞死亡和基质降解来改善T-2毒素诱导的软骨损伤。
T-2毒素是在受污染的食品和动物饲料中发现的毒性最大的真菌毒素,威胁健康。暴露于T-2毒素会导致软骨损伤并导致关节紊乱,但T-2毒素诱导软骨损伤的机制尚不清楚。结果表明,T-2毒素(200 ng/g b.w./day)诱导大鼠关节软骨软骨细胞死亡,导致磷酸化的受体相互作用蛋白3 (p-RIPK3)和磷酸化的混合谱系激酶样蛋白(p-MLKL)显著增加。体外研究表明,T-2毒素(48 ng/mL)可降低C-28/I2软骨细胞活力,增加细胞凋亡,并显著上调p-MLKL的表达。提示T-2毒素诱导的软骨损伤与软骨细胞坏死下垂有关。此外,necrostatin-1 (Nec-1),一种necroptosis抑制剂,显著减轻T-2毒素诱导的细胞死亡和p-MLKL的增加。进一步研究表明,mlkl-/-小鼠抑制T-2毒素诱导的软骨细胞死亡,上调T-2毒素诱导的小鼠关节软骨蛋白多糖含量和II型胶原减少,降低基质金属蛋白酶-13的表达。此外,KBD患者关节软骨中p-RIPK3和p-MLKL显著升高。本研究强调了RIPK3/ mlkl介导的坏死性上睑下垂在T-2毒素诱导的关节软骨损伤中的作用。抑制MLKL通过减少小鼠软骨细胞死亡和基质降解来减轻T-2毒素诱导的软骨损伤。这些结果提示了减轻T-2毒素诱导的软骨损伤的潜在治疗靶点。
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来源期刊
Archives of Toxicology
Archives of Toxicology 医学-毒理学
CiteScore
11.60
自引率
4.90%
发文量
218
审稿时长
1.5 months
期刊介绍: Archives of Toxicology provides up-to-date information on the latest advances in toxicology. The journal places particular emphasis on studies relating to defined effects of chemicals and mechanisms of toxicity, including toxic activities at the molecular level, in humans and experimental animals. Coverage includes new insights into analysis and toxicokinetics and into forensic toxicology. Review articles of general interest to toxicologists are an additional important feature of the journal.
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