Conceptualisation of Mental Health Recovery by Health Professionals and Students in Southeast Asia: A Qualitative Systematic Review and Meta-Aggregation

Abstract

Introduction

While the recovery approach is gaining recognition in non-Western countries, it remains underexplored in Southeast Asia. This study addressed this gap by examining how health professionals and students conceptualised recovery, providing insights for enhancing mental health practices.

Aim

To synthesise how health professionals and students in Southeast Asian countries understand mental health recovery.

Methods

A search across CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and the Web of Science identified ten qualitative studies (2006–2024). Data extraction, quality appraisal, and synthesis were conducted following the JBI methodology.

Results

The findings highlighted a medically driven and determined return to normal functioning for individuals living with mental illness. This was classified into six categories: return to being a ‘normal person’, symptom-free status, medication adherence, access to mental health services, living with residual symptoms, and holistic care with a psychosocial focus.

Discussion

Medical-oriented practices have dominated mental health care, creating a power imbalance. Training, education, culture, socioeconomic status, and stigma have shaped the understanding of recovery.

Implications for Practice and Recommendations

Shared decision-making and formal training prioritising lived experiences are vital to reducing power imbalances. A shift towards recovery-oriented approaches is critically needed to enhance mental health practices in Southeast Asia.