Resilient manufacturing: A review of disruptions, assessment, and pathways

Abstract

Manufacturers are increasingly concerned with the resilience of manufacturing systems due to rising disruptions. This paper reviews the research on resilient manufacturing, emphasizing the definitions and drivers of resiliency in manufacturing. Typical disruptions affecting manufacturing are discussed and classified. The assessment of resilience is explored through three key pillars: absorbency, adaptability, and recoverability. Resilience is also benchmarked against other manufacturing performance indicators. Pathways to resilient manufacturing are outlined, focusing on system design, configuration, and operations. Practical implementations are discussed, along with challenges and research directions aligned with Industry 5.0. This study aims to establish a foundational framework for integrating resiliency into modern manufacturing systems.