Synthesis, Characterization, and Study of Biological, Laser, Nanoscale, Cancer, and Molecular Docking Activity of Tetrazole Compounds Derived from 1,3,4-Oxadiazole

Abstract

This study involves the synthesis of pentagonal rings of tetrazole derivatives through the reaction of one mole of hydrazide base derivatives with two moles of sodium azide. The validity of the compound structures is confirmed using physical and spectroscopic methods such as UV-Vis, FTIR, proton, and carbon NMR, as well as elemental analysis. Additionally, melting points and purity are determined, and reaction progress is monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Nanocompounds are prepared by synthesizing silver nanoparticles using fig leaf extract, followed by their addition to the prepared compounds. Characterization is conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The impact of some prepared compounds on the growth of two bacterial isolates, one Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and the other Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), is studied. Antibiotics amoxicillin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin are used as controls, and some of the prepared compounds show good inhibitory effectiveness against the tested bacteria. Moreover, a qualitative evaluation of antioxidant activity, assessed by the scavenging of free radicals using TLC, is performed to determine the ability of compounds (M8) to reduce oxidative stress. The prepared compound (M8) is tested for its ability to inhibit the growth of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) outside the living organism. Molecular docking studies of some prepared compounds on two targets, breast cancer and E. coli bacteria, are conducted using MOE (2009). Energy minimization of the compounds is carried out to obtain the most stable conformation with the lowest energy barrier.