Towards superior efficiency of the CO2-derived Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process over iron-based metal–organic framework-derived multifunctional catalytic materials†

Abstract

The strategic implementation of carbon utilization technologies is crucial for combatting climate change. The success relies on storing captured CO₂ as high-volume, energy-dense synthetic fuels and chemicals. Herein, iron-based systems in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis process have shown potential for higher efficiency. However, examples of producing fuel and aromatic-range C₅₊ heavy hydrocarbons are scarce. Given the enhanced significance of metal–organic framework-based materials in our decarbonization efforts, this project demonstrates the direct transformation of CO₂ into C₅₊ liquid paraffins, olefins, and aromatics—key chemical building blocks in the petrochemical industry. This work systematically investigated the catalytic impact of critical synthetic parameters, such as pyrolysis temperature and duration. Thinner carbon layers with more defects from higher pyrolysis temperatures or extended times improve gas diffusion to internal iron species, governing catalytic performance. The additional promotion of alkali metals and the construction of bifunctional catalytic systems combined with zeolite also alter the catalytic outcome.