Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol induces blood-brain barrier disruption: Involving the activation of CB1R and oxidative stress

IF 4.6 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Qianyao Zhang, Wenxin Huang, Taokun Li, Xuemei Wang, Ximin Lai, Wei Hu, Zhihong Li, Xiaofeng Zeng, Jian Huang, Ruilin Zhang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cannabis abuse has increased with the continuous relaxation of cannabis policies. However, the mechanism by which Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) negatively affects the central nervous system, especially the blood-brain barrier (BBB), remains unclear. THC exposure models were established in vivo and in vitro. The BBB properties were examined using Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence staining (IF), transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), and flux of sodium fluorescein (SF). The oxidative stress regulators were examined using IF and assay kits. The activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) was examined using WB and IF. The THC exposure caused barrier integrity damage and endothelial dysfunction in murine and hCMEC/D3 cells, conclude albumin leakage, increased SF permeability and reduced TEER value. The expression of tight junction proteins, including claudin 5, occludin, and junctional adhesion molecules, was decreased. Additionally, key oxidative stress regulators, including reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, malonaldehyde levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase 1, were increased. Activation of CB1R has been detected in brain microvascular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of oxidative stress and CB1R could mitigate the aforementioned conditions and BBB damage after THC exposure. The effect of THC on murine and human brain microvascular endothelial cells revealed that THC-induced BBB damage was partly mediated by CB1R activation, triggering the oxidative stress response. This study provides new theoretical insights into the mechanisms of THC-induced BBB damage and offers novel scientific evidence for the potential neurotoxicity and adverse reactions induced by THC.

Abstract Image

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol诱导血脑屏障破坏:涉及CB1R的激活和氧化应激
随着大麻政策的不断放宽,滥用大麻的情况有所增加。然而,Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)对中枢神经系统,特别是血脑屏障(BBB)产生负面影响的机制尚不清楚。建立四氢大麻酚体内和体外暴露模型。采用Western blotting (WB)、免疫荧光染色(IF)、经内皮电阻(TEER)和荧光素钠(SF)通量检测血脑屏障的性质。使用IF和检测试剂盒检测氧化应激调节因子。用WB和IF检测大麻素受体1 (CB1R)的激活情况。THC暴露导致小鼠和hCMEC/D3细胞屏障完整性损伤和内皮功能障碍,表现为白蛋白渗漏、SF通透性增加和TEER值降低。紧密连接蛋白(包括claudin5、occludin和连接粘附分子)的表达减少。此外,关键的氧化应激调节因子,包括活性氧、过氧化氢、丙二醛水平,以及抗氧化酶活性,包括过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽s -转移酶、超氧化物歧化酶和血红素加氧酶1,都有所增加。在体内和体外的脑微血管内皮细胞中检测到CB1R的激活。此外,抑制氧化应激和CB1R可以减轻四氢大麻酚暴露后的上述情况和血脑屏障损伤。四氢大麻酚对小鼠和人脑微血管内皮细胞的影响表明,四氢大麻酚诱导的血脑屏障损伤部分是通过激活CB1R介导的,从而引发氧化应激反应。本研究为四氢大麻酚诱导血脑屏障损伤的机制提供了新的理论见解,并为四氢大麻酚潜在的神经毒性和不良反应提供了新的科学依据。
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来源期刊
Neuropharmacology
Neuropharmacology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
10.00
自引率
4.30%
发文量
288
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: Neuropharmacology publishes high quality, original research and review articles within the discipline of neuroscience, especially articles with a neuropharmacological component. However, papers within any area of neuroscience will be considered. The journal does not usually accept clinical research, although preclinical neuropharmacological studies in humans may be considered. The journal only considers submissions in which the chemical structures and compositions of experimental agents are readily available in the literature or disclosed by the authors in the submitted manuscript. Only in exceptional circumstances will natural products be considered, and then only if the preparation is well defined by scientific means. Neuropharmacology publishes articles of any length (original research and reviews).
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