Deformation band corrosion as a result of applied stress and cold-work in 304 stainless steel in simulated pressurized water reactor primary water conditions

IF 2.8 2区工程技术 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Nuclear Materials Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2025.155686

Karen Kruska , David W Saxey , Takumi Terachi , Takuyo Yamada , Daniel K Schreiber , Sergio Lozano-Perez

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Abstract

Stainless steels like 304SS are commonly used in pressurized water reactor primary water environments due to their excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, SCC susceptibility has been observed in cold-worked 304SS. Cold-rolling introduces a high density of defects, such as deformation bands or dislocations, into the microstructure; applied stress, even if macroscopically below the yield stress, can result in regions with high localized stresses. Cold-worked and non-cold-worked samples were exposed to 360 °C simulated PWR primary water for 1500 h with and without active loading. Corrosion susceptibility of dislocations and deformation bands induced by cold-rolling and/or applied stress was studied using high-resolution (analytical) transmission electron microscopy. Deformation bands were generated in all specimens examined in the study. Penetrative oxidation was observed in some deformation bands in each specimen. The depth of penetrative deformation band oxidation frequently exceeded the depth of grain boundary oxidation in all specimens. However, deformation band oxides generally were narrowly confined to the deformation band plane. Highly Ni-rich regions were observed beyond all oxidation fronts. Surface oxides were thicker in the specimens exposed under active loading. The implications of these findings at surfaces for deformation bands intersecting stress corrosion crack paths are discussed.

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来源期刊

Journal of Nuclear Materials 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

25.80%

发文量

601

审稿时长

63 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Nuclear Materials publishes high quality papers in materials research for nuclear applications, primarily fission reactors, fusion reactors, and similar environments including radiation areas of charged particle accelerators. Both original research and critical review papers covering experimental, theoretical, and computational aspects of either fundamental or applied nature are welcome. The breadth of the field is such that a wide range of processes and properties in the field of materials science and engineering is of interest to the readership, spanning atom-scale processes, microstructures, thermodynamics, mechanical properties, physical properties, and corrosion, for example. Topics covered by JNM Fission reactor materials, including fuels, cladding, core structures, pressure vessels, coolant interactions with materials, moderator and control components, fission product behavior. Materials aspects of the entire fuel cycle. Materials aspects of the actinides and their compounds. Performance of nuclear waste materials; materials aspects of the immobilization of wastes. Fusion reactor materials, including first walls, blankets, insulators and magnets. Neutron and charged particle radiation effects in materials, including defects, transmutations, microstructures, phase changes and macroscopic properties. Interaction of plasmas, ion beams, electron beams and electromagnetic radiation with materials relevant to nuclear systems.