Calibration-free quantification and automated data analysis for high-throughput reaction screening†

Abstract

The accelerated generation of reaction data through high-throughput experimentation and automation has the potential to boost organic synthesis. However, efforts to generate diverse reaction datasets or identify generally applicable reaction conditions are still hampered by limitations in reaction yield quantification. In this work, we present an automatable screening workflow that facilitates the analysis of reaction arrays with distinct products without relying on the isolation of product references for external calibrations. The workflow is enabled by a flexible liquid handler and parallel GC-MS and GC-Polyarc-FID analysis while we introduce pyGecko, an open-source Python library for processing GC raw data. pyGecko offers comprehensive analysis tools allowing for the determination of reaction outcomes of a 96-reaction array in under a minute. Our workflow's utility is showcased for the scope evaluation of a site-selective thiolation of halogenated heteroarenes and the comparison of four cross-coupling protocols for challenging C–N bond formations.