Higher sensitivity of microcystin-producing Microcystis to two algaecides compared to co-cultured non-microcystin producers

Abstract

Targeting and selectivity are essential for assessing the effectiveness of ecofriendly algaecides in controlling toxic cyanobacterial blooms. The dose- and time-dependent effects of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), pyrogallol and their sustained-release microcapsules (HRM, PRM) on proportion of MC-producing cell numbers and genotypes of the co-existing MC- and non-MC-producing Microcystis, as well as microcystins (MCs) concentrations were investigated in the present study. Two MC-producing and two non-MC-producing Microcystis strains were used in mono- and co-culture test systems. The findings revealed that the MC-producing Microcystis strains were more sensitive to both forms of H₂O₂ and pyrogallol in comparison with the non-MC-producing strains. Inhibition of all Microcystis strains by H₂O₂ and pyrogallol was found to be dose- and time-dependent, with H₂O₂ exhibiting stronger effects. Additionally, both pure and granular forms of H₂O₂ and pyrogallol reduced the relative abundance of MC-producing genotypes in co-culture conditions, along with total MC concentrations. The HRM and PRM demonstrated more potent and prolonged effects than their pure forms, indicating they are optimal for targeted reduction of Microcystis bloom toxicity. Their long-term effects against different levels of MC-producing Microcystis in various environmental conditions need further investigation through large-scale outdoor experiments.