Differential mosaicism of recombinant foot-and-mouth disease viruses resulting from heterologous superinfection of cattle.

IF 4 2区 医学 Q2 VIROLOGY
Journal of Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-18 Epub Date: 2025-02-11 DOI:10.1128/jvi.02213-24
Carolina Stenfeldt, Ian H Fish, Monica Rodriguez-Calzada, Gisselle Medina, Juergen A Richt, Jonathan Arzt
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Abstract

Evidence from both field and experimental studies suggests that recombination is a common feature in the evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Recent studies have demonstrated that heterologous superinfection of cattle persistently infected with FMDV leads to rapid generation of inter-serotypic recombinant viruses in the upper respiratory tract mucosa. The current study demonstrates that the order of exposure to FMDV strains A24 Cruzeiro and O1 Manisa substantially influenced the patterns of mosaicism of resultant recombinants. FMDV recombinants were isolated from oropharyngeal fluid samples from 7 of 12 cattle following heterologous superinfection at 21 days post-initial infection. There was no apparent competitive advantage of either parental virus. However, recombinant viruses recovered from six of seven animals had gained, or regained through multiple recombination events, the capsid-coding sequence of FMDV O1 Manisa despite the presence of high titers of neutralizing antibodies against that virus. Additionally, a sub-genomic region of high amino acid diversity, spanning the 3' portion of 3A through 3B, was derived from FMDV A24 in most of the recovered recombinants. Despite the frequent recovery of FMDV recombinants from the upper respiratory tract of superinfected animals, there was no detection of recombinant viruses in blood or lesions in the subset of animals that developed clinical foot-and-mouth disease during superinfection. Overall, these findings confirm the high frequency at which FMDV recombination occurs when persistently infected carrier cattle are exposed to a heterologous virus and reaffirm that superinfection of carriers should be considered as a source of FMDV genetic diversity in endemic regions.IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a pathogen of domestic livestock with profound global socioeconomic impacts. FMDV causes a subclinical persistent infection in ruminant hosts, such as cattle, during which the animals may become sequentially infected by heterologous variants of the virus. Our previous works have demonstrated that such superinfections frequently lead to emergence of novel recombinant virus variants in the upper respiratory tracts of infected animals. This current investigation demonstrates that the order in which the animals are exposed to two different viruses substantially influences the structure of resultant recombinant genomes and confirms the frequency at which FMDV recombination occurs following heterologous superinfection of persistently infected FMDV carriers.

牛异种重复感染引起的重组口蹄疫病毒的差异嵌合。
来自实地和实验研究的证据表明,重组是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)进化的一个共同特征。最近的研究表明,持续感染FMDV的牛的异源重复感染导致上呼吸道黏膜快速产生血清型重组病毒。目前的研究表明,暴露于FMDV菌株A24 Cruzeiro和O1 Manisa的顺序实质上影响了合成重组体的嵌合模式。在初次感染后21天,从异源重复感染的12头牛中的7头的口咽液样本中分离到FMDV重组。两种亲本病毒都没有明显的竞争优势。然而,从7只动物中恢复的重组病毒通过多次重组事件获得或重新获得了FMDV O1 Manisa的衣壳编码序列,尽管存在高滴度的针对该病毒的中和抗体。此外,在大多数恢复的重组体中,从FMDV A24获得了一个氨基酸多样性高的亚基因组区域,横跨3A到3B的3'部分。尽管FMDV重组体经常从重复感染动物的上呼吸道中恢复,但在重复感染期间出现临床口蹄疫的动物亚群中,没有在血液或病变中检测到重组病毒。总的来说,这些发现证实,当持续感染的携带牛暴露于异源病毒时,FMDV重组发生的频率很高,并重申携带者的重复感染应被视为流行地区FMDV遗传多样性的来源。口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)是一种家畜病原体,具有深远的全球社会经济影响。口蹄疫病毒在反刍动物宿主(如牛)中引起亚临床持续性感染,在此期间,动物可能依次被病毒的异源变体感染。我们以前的工作已经证明,这种重复感染经常导致感染动物上呼吸道出现新的重组病毒变体。目前的研究表明,动物暴露于两种不同病毒的顺序实质上影响了重组基因组的结构,并证实了在持续感染的FMDV携带者的异源重复感染后发生FMDV重组的频率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Virology
Journal of Virology 医学-病毒学
CiteScore
10.10
自引率
7.40%
发文量
906
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Virology (JVI) explores the nature of the viruses of animals, archaea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and protozoa. We welcome papers on virion structure and assembly, viral genome replication and regulation of gene expression, genetic diversity and evolution, virus-cell interactions, cellular responses to infection, transformation and oncogenesis, gene delivery, viral pathogenesis and immunity, and vaccines and antiviral agents.
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