Ultra-fast, one-click radiotherapy treatment planning outside a treatment planning system

Abstract

We present an automated radiation oncology treatment planning pipeline that operates between segmentation and plan review, minimizing manual interaction and reliance on traditional planning systems. Two AI models work in sequence: the first generates a dose distribution, and the second creates a deliverable DICOM-RT plan. Trained and validated on 276 plans, and tested on 151 datasets, the system produced clinically deliverable plans—complete with all VMAT parameters—in about 38 s. These plans met target coverage and most organ-at-risk constraints. This proof-of-concept demonstrates the feasibility of generating high-quality, deliverable DICOM plans within seconds.