Cerebral Neurotoxoplasmosis in a Newly Diagnosed Person Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus at a Higher Cluster of Differentiation 4 Count.

Abstract

Toxoplasma encephalitis is a well-known opportunistic infection in person living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). It is the most common cause of focal brain lesions among PLHIV. However, clinical disease is rare among patients with a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count >200/mm³. Patients with a CD4 count <50/mm³ are at greatest risk. Here, we report a 20-year-old male with a history of fever for 4 months and altered sensorium for 3 days, who was found to have positive HIV serology and intracerebral neurotoxoplasmosis. His CD4 count at the time of diagnosis was 206/mm³. He was managed with sulfadiazine/pyrimethamine for 6 weeks and responded well to the same.