The Utility of Smart Multiple Daily Injection Systems in Intensive Insulin-Treated People With Diabetes: An Italian Expert Consensus.

IF 4.1 Q2 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1177/19322968251316577

Francesco Giorgino, Riccardo Bonfanti, Filomena Castaldo, Concetta Irace, Andrea Laurenzi, Claudio Maffeis, Giovanni Pappagallo, Dario Pitocco, Ivana Rabbone, Emanuela Zarra, Andrea Enzo Scaramuzza

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Smart systems for multiple daily injections (Smart MDI) integrate continuous glucose monitoring, connected insulin pens, smartphone apps, and cloud-based data storage to provide bolus and corrective dose suggestions, reminders/alerts, automatic tracking and sharing of insulin therapy, and glycemic data to users, caregivers, and providers. This is an expert consensus on the clinical value of Smart MDI and critical points for implementation in adults and children/adolescents with diabetes.

Methods: A nominal group technique combined with the estimate-talk-estimate approach was employed to achieve consensus among panel members from the Italian Intersociety Technology and Diabetes Study Group with expertise in pediatric and adult diabetes care.

Results: The expert consensus indicated that glycemic profiles can be improved by using bolus dose suggestions based on glucose values, planned meals, the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio, correction factors, and consideration of insulin-on-board. Automatic remote sharing of patient data on glycemia and insulin therapy allows clinicians to make more appropriate and timely therapeutic recommendations based on objective data. Dose tracking, bolus reminders/alerts, and reduced hypoglycemia and associated anxiety achieved through Smart MDI may improve adherence.

Conclusions: Smart MDI can reduce treatment burden while improving the daily experiences and glycemic outcomes for adults and children/adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. However, high-quality clinical data are lacking, and more evidence is needed to compare the effects of Smart MDI and other advanced insulin delivery systems on glycemic and patient-reported outcomes.

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来源期刊

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology Medicine-Internal Medicine

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

12.00%

发文量

148

期刊介绍： The Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology (JDST) is a bi-monthly, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Diabetes Technology Society. JDST covers scientific and clinical aspects of diabetes technology including glucose monitoring, insulin and metabolic peptide delivery, the artificial pancreas, digital health, precision medicine, social media, cybersecurity, software for modeling, physiologic monitoring, technology for managing obesity, and diagnostic tests of glycation. The journal also covers the development and use of mobile applications and wireless communication, as well as bioengineered tools such as MEMS, new biomaterials, and nanotechnology to develop new sensors. Articles in JDST cover both basic research and clinical applications of technologies being developed to help people with diabetes.