Dietary Energy and Nutrient Intake Among Pregnant Women in Sri Lanka: Findings From the Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth Cohort Study

IF 2.9 3区医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI:10.1111/jhn.70020

Malshani Lakshika Pathirathna, Megumi Haruna, Satoshi Sasaki, Kaori Yonezawa, Yuriko Usui, Yasuhiro Hagiwara

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Abstract

Background

Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is crucial to ensure positive outcomes for both the mother and newborn. Despite its importance, maternal nutritional status remains poor, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where social, cultural and economic factors play a pivotal role. This study assessed the adequacy of energy and dietary nutrient intake among Sri Lankan pregnant women compared to their dietary reference intakes.

Methods

This study was part of the Sri Lanka Mother and Newborn Growth study, a nationwide prospective cohort of 2000 pregnant women. We prospectively investigated maternal dietary intake using a validated food frequency questionnaire during the first, second and third trimesters.

Results

We observed an imbalanced macronutrient distribution, with carbohydrates contributing over 67% of total median energy intake, while protein and fat contributed approximately 11% and 17%, respectively. Ethnic and socio-economic disparities in energy and macronutrient intake were notable. The Sinhalese ethnic group showed the highest median percentage of energy consumption derived from carbohydrates at 68.0% (IQR: 64.6%‒71.1%), significantly exceeding the intake of Tamil and Moor groups. Estate residents reported the lowest proportion of energy from protein (10.6%, IQR: 10.1%‒11.3%), which was significantly lower than the intakes of urban and rural residents. Additionally, women in the lowest income group had a lower total energy intake (1871 kcal/day, IQR: 1464–2392) than those in higher income groups, highlighting socio-economic influences on maternal nutrition. Micronutrient deficiencies were pervasive, particularly for vitamin B2 (88.6%–91.0%), folate (99.3%–99.8%), vitamin B12 (97.8%–99.5%), calcium (80.8%–91.4%) and iron (91.1%–96.5%). Sodium intake exceeded recommended levels for over 75% of women across all trimesters.

Conclusion

Imbalances in macronutrient intake and widespread micronutrient deficiencies among Sri Lankan pregnant women underscore the urgent need for interventions targeting maternal nutrition. Addressing socio-economic disparities is critical to improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

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斯里兰卡孕妇膳食能量和营养摄入：来自斯里兰卡母亲和新生儿生长队列研究的发现

背景怀孕期间的孕产妇营养对于确保母亲和新生儿的积极结果至关重要。尽管它很重要，但产妇营养状况仍然很差，特别是在社会、文化和经济因素起关键作用的低收入和中等收入国家。本研究评估了斯里兰卡孕妇的能量和膳食营养摄入的充分性，并与她们的膳食参考摄入量进行了比较。方法：本研究是斯里兰卡母亲和新生儿生长研究的一部分，该研究是一项全国范围内2000名孕妇的前瞻性队列研究。我们前瞻性地调查了母亲的饮食摄入量，使用有效的食物频率问卷在第一，第二和第三个月。结果我们观察到一个不平衡的常量营养素分布，碳水化合物贡献了超过67%的总中位能量摄入，而蛋白质和脂肪分别贡献了大约11%和17%。能量和常量营养素摄入的种族和社会经济差异是显著的。僧伽罗族群的碳水化合物能量消耗中位数百分比最高，为68.0% (IQR: 64.6%-71.1%)，显著超过泰米尔族和摩尔族。庄园居民报告的蛋白质能量比例最低（10.6%,IQR: 10.1%-11.3%），显著低于城市和农村居民的摄入量。此外，最低收入群体的妇女的总能量摄入量（1871千卡/天，IQR: 1464-2392）低于高收入群体，突出表明社会经济对孕产妇营养的影响。微量营养素缺乏普遍存在，尤其是维生素B2（88.6%-91.0%）、叶酸（99.3%-99.8%）、维生素B12（97.8%-99.5%）、钙（80.8%-91.4%）和铁（91.1%-96.5%）。在整个孕期，超过75%的女性的钠摄入量超过了建议水平。结论斯里兰卡孕妇宏量营养素摄入不平衡，微量营养素缺乏普遍存在，迫切需要采取针对孕产妇营养的干预措施。消除社会经济差异对于改善孕产妇和新生儿健康结果至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 医学-营养学

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

15.20%

发文量

133

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics is an international peer-reviewed journal publishing papers in applied nutrition and dietetics. Papers are therefore welcomed on: - Clinical nutrition and the practice of therapeutic dietetics - Clinical and professional guidelines - Public health nutrition and nutritional epidemiology - Dietary surveys and dietary assessment methodology - Health promotion and intervention studies and their effectiveness - Obesity, weight control and body composition - Research on psychological determinants of healthy and unhealthy eating behaviour. Focus can for example be on attitudes, brain correlates of food reward processing, social influences, impulsivity, cognitive control, cognitive processes, dieting, psychological treatments. - Appetite, Food intake and nutritional status - Nutrigenomics and molecular nutrition - The journal does not publish animal research The journal is published in an online-only format. No printed issue of this title will be produced but authors will still be able to order offprints of their own articles.