Inequality in exposure to daily aircraft noise near heathrow airport: An empirical study

IF 3.8 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Xiangpu Gong , Nicole Itzkowitz , Glory O. Atilola , Kathryn Adams , Calvin Jephcote , Marta Blangiardo , John Gulliver , Anna Hansell
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Abstract

Aircraft noise is an important source of environmental pollution and a burden on public health. We examined the association between three different area-level deprivation measures (Carstairs index 2011 only; yearly avoidable mortality rates 2014–2018 and yearly fuel poverty rates 2014–2018) and daily aircraft noise metrics (Lday, Leve, Lnight, and LAeq24) around London Heathrow Airport. Analyses were conducted for 2014–18 for ∼155,000 postcodes using a Random-Effects model with an autoregressive term for the temporal variability of daily noise. We found that the relationship between aircraft noise and deprivation was complex, varying by the measure of deprivation and aircraft noise metric. We observed gradient relationships between avoidable death rates and aircraft noise exposure for all noise metrics. For Carstairs index, a measure of area-based material deprivation, the least deprived quintile exhibited the lowest night-time noise levels, but no gradients were observed for this or other noise metrics. Similarly, we did not see clear patterns of association between fuel poverty and aircraft noise. When stratifying the data by % non-White population, the conclusions for avoidable death rates and fuel poverty remained similar, but an association of Carstairs index with noise metrics was seen in the two tertiles with the highest % non-white population. Our strengths include our large dataset with high temporal and spatial resolution, as well as use of multiple deprivation measures and daily noise metrics over five years, that can capture dynamic changes in noise exposure related to changes in flight paths and weather conditions. Limitations include that we looked at 2014–18 and noise levels have been changing over time due to action plans to reduce exposure, and activity changes due to the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Heathrow Airport is sited near wealthy and densely inhabited communities so may not be representative of all airports.
希思罗机场附近每日飞机噪音暴露的不平等:一项实证研究
飞机噪声是环境污染的重要来源,也是公众健康的负担。我们研究了三种不同的区域水平剥夺指标之间的关联(Carstairs指数仅2011年;2014-2018年的年度可避免死亡率和2014-2018年的年度燃料贫困率)以及伦敦希思罗机场周围的每日飞机噪音指标(Lday, level, Lnight和LAeq24)。使用随机效应模型对2014-18年的~ 155,000个邮政编码进行了分析,该模型具有自回归项,用于表示日常噪声的时间变异性。我们发现飞机噪音与剥夺之间的关系是复杂的,随着剥夺和飞机噪音度量的不同而变化。我们观察了所有噪声指标中可避免死亡率与飞机噪声暴露之间的梯度关系。对于Carstairs指数,一个基于区域的物质剥夺的衡量标准,最不贫困的五分之一显示出最低的夜间噪音水平,但没有观察到这个或其他噪音指标的梯度。同样,我们也没有看到燃料匮乏和飞机噪音之间的明确联系模式。当按非白人人口百分比对数据进行分层时,关于可避免死亡率和燃料贫困的结论仍然相似,但在非白人人口百分比最高的两组中,可以看到Carstairs指数与噪音指标的关联。我们的优势包括具有高时间和空间分辨率的大型数据集,以及使用多种剥夺措施和五年内的每日噪音指标,可以捕捉与飞行路径和天气条件变化相关的噪音暴露的动态变化。局限性包括,我们研究的是2014-18年,由于减少接触的行动计划,以及由于大流行和大流行后时期的活动变化,噪音水平一直在随着时间的推移而变化。希思罗机场位于富裕和人口密集的社区附近,因此可能不能代表所有机场。
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来源期刊
Health & Place
Health & Place PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
176
审稿时长
29 days
期刊介绍: he journal is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to the study of all aspects of health and health care in which place or location matters.
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