Analyzing Urban Heat Islands in Pokhara Metropolitan City-Nepal through Remote Sensing Techniques

IF 3.8 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Remote Sensing Applications-Society and Environment Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101479

Utsav Jamarkattel , Badri Raj Lamichhane , Saurav Gautam , Niraj K.C. , Bikash Sherchan , Teerayut Horanont

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Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the temporal and spatial dynamics of Surface Urban Heat Islands (SUHI) in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal, over the period from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing advanced satellite data and various indices to quantify Land Surface Temperature (LST) variations, this research uniquely focuses on a rapidly urbanizing region in the context of a developing country facing the consequences of climate change. The results reveal significant temperature disparities between urban and suburban areas, with urban zones exhibiting markedly higher maximum (39.13 °C), mean (33.23 °C), and minimum (28.48 °C) LST values compared to their suburban counterparts (34.43 °C, 29.49 °C, and 25.90 °C, respectively). Temporal assessments indicate a consistent increase in LST and an expansion of thermal hotspots, particularly during warmer months, underscoring the intensifying SUHI effect. Correlation analyses further elucidate a moderate negative relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and LST (r = -0.58), highlighting the cooling influence of vegetation, while a strong positive correlation with the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) (r = 0.82) emphasizes the impact of urbanization on rising temperatures. These findings underscore an urgent need for sustainable urban planning that integrates green spaces and adaptive design strategies to mitigate SUHI effects, reduce thermal stress on residents, and enhance urban resilience against climate change impacts, thereby advocating for increased vegetation cover, sustainable construction practices, and innovative cooling solutions to improve overall urban living conditions.

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尼泊尔博卡拉大都市城市热岛遥感分析

本文对2013 - 2022年尼泊尔博卡拉市地表城市热岛（SUHI）的时空动态进行了综合分析。利用先进的卫星数据和各种指数来量化地表温度（LST）变化，本研究独特地关注了一个面临气候变化后果的发展中国家背景下的快速城市化地区。结果表明，城市和郊区之间存在显著的温度差异，城市地区的最高温度（39.13°C）、平均温度（33.23°C）和最低温度（28.48°C）明显高于郊区（分别为34.43°C、29.49°C和25.90°C）。时间评估表明，地表温度持续增加，热热点扩大，特别是在较温暖的月份，强调了SUHI效应的加剧。相关分析进一步阐明了归一化植被差异指数（NDVI）与地表温度呈中等负相关（r = -0.58），突出了植被的降温影响，而与归一化建筑差异指数（NDBI）呈强正相关（r = 0.82），强调了城市化对气温上升的影响。这些发现强调了可持续城市规划的迫切需要，将绿色空间和适应性设计策略相结合，以减轻SUHI效应，减少居民的热应力，增强城市对气候变化影响的抵御能力，从而倡导增加植被覆盖，可持续建筑实践和创新的冷却解决方案，以改善整体城市生活条件。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Remote Sensing Applications-Society and Environment Multiple-

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

8.50%

发文量

204

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： The journal ''Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment'' (RSASE) focuses on remote sensing studies that address specific topics with an emphasis on environmental and societal issues - regional / local studies with global significance. Subjects are encouraged to have an interdisciplinary approach and include, but are not limited by: " -Global and climate change studies addressing the impact of increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, CO2 emission, carbon balance and carbon mitigation, energy system on social and environmental systems -Ecological and environmental issues including biodiversity, ecosystem dynamics, land degradation, atmospheric and water pollution, urban footprint, ecosystem management and natural hazards (e.g. earthquakes, typhoons, floods, landslides) -Natural resource studies including land-use in general, biomass estimation, forests, agricultural land, plantation, soils, coral reefs, wetland and water resources -Agriculture, food production systems and food security outcomes -Socio-economic issues including urban systems, urban growth, public health, epidemics, land-use transition and land use conflicts -Oceanography and coastal zone studies, including sea level rise projections, coastlines changes and the ocean-land interface -Regional challenges for remote sensing application techniques, monitoring and analysis, such as cloud screening and atmospheric correction for tropical regions -Interdisciplinary studies combining remote sensing, household survey data, field measurements and models to address environmental, societal and sustainability issues -Quantitative and qualitative analysis that documents the impact of using remote sensing studies in social, political, environmental or economic systems