In vitro human skin absorption of ethyl salicylate, pentyl salicylate, and (Z)-3-hexenyl salicylate from topical formulations: Effects on permeation and distribution

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q3 TOXICOLOGY

Toxicology in Vitro Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI:10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106019

Kaushal Joshi , Darren M. Green , A. Christian Jones , Sophie E. Davies , Sophie G. Stocks , Arianna P. Bartlett , Anne Marie Api

{"title":"In vitro human skin absorption of ethyl salicylate, pentyl salicylate, and (Z)-3-hexenyl salicylate from topical formulations: Effects on permeation and distribution","authors":"Kaushal Joshi , Darren M. Green , A. Christian Jones , Sophie E. Davies , Sophie G. Stocks , Arianna P. Bartlett , Anne Marie Api","doi":"10.1016/j.tiv.2025.106019","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In vitro human skin permeation and distribution of the fragrance materials ethyl salicylate (CAS 118–61-6, ES), (Z)-3-hexenyl salicylate (CAS 65405–77-8, HS) and pentyl salicylate (CAS 2050-08-0, PS) from separate 0.5 % (<em>w</em>/w) cream formulations were determined under unoccluded and occluded conditions for 24 h. For PS only, a 0.5 % (<em>w</em>/<em>v</em>) solution in 70/30 (<em>v</em>/v) ethanol/water was also assessed. Consumer relevant finite formulation doses were applied (5 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> or 5 μl/cm<sup>2</sup>) with salicylate application of ∼25 μg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Although specifically assessing metabolism was not an aim, the common hydrolysis product salicylic acid (SA) was also quantified and included in overall test compound absorption values.</div><div>For ES, absorbed doses (mean ± standard error, SE) were 12.0 ± 1.0 and 24.7 ± 1.3 % applied dose under unoccluded and occluded conditions, respectively. For HS these values were 7.28 ± 0.52 and 11.1 ± 0.7 % applied dose. For the PS cream, corresponding values were 4.43 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.63 % applied dose. Whilst for the PS solution values were 8.26 ± 0.31 and 16.1 ± 0.7 % applied dose. The salicylate structure, application vehicle and level of occlusion impacted on the observed skin absorption. Considering salicylates are commonly used fragrance ingredients and have limited skin absorption data, the current research will be helpful in risk assessment to determine systemic exposure that is realistic and fill data gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54423,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology in Vitro","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 106019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxicology in Vitro","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088723332500013X","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

In vitro human skin permeation and distribution of the fragrance materials ethyl salicylate (CAS 118–61-6, ES), (Z)-3-hexenyl salicylate (CAS 65405–77-8, HS) and pentyl salicylate (CAS 2050-08-0, PS) from separate 0.5 % (w/w) cream formulations were determined under unoccluded and occluded conditions for 24 h. For PS only, a 0.5 % (w/v) solution in 70/30 (v/v) ethanol/water was also assessed. Consumer relevant finite formulation doses were applied (5 mg/cm² or 5 μl/cm²) with salicylate application of ∼25 μg/cm². Although specifically assessing metabolism was not an aim, the common hydrolysis product salicylic acid (SA) was also quantified and included in overall test compound absorption values.

For ES, absorbed doses (mean ± standard error, SE) were 12.0 ± 1.0 and 24.7 ± 1.3 % applied dose under unoccluded and occluded conditions, respectively. For HS these values were 7.28 ± 0.52 and 11.1 ± 0.7 % applied dose. For the PS cream, corresponding values were 4.43 ± 0.48 and 7.52 ± 0.63 % applied dose. Whilst for the PS solution values were 8.26 ± 0.31 and 16.1 ± 0.7 % applied dose. The salicylate structure, application vehicle and level of occlusion impacted on the observed skin absorption. Considering salicylates are commonly used fragrance ingredients and have limited skin absorption data, the current research will be helpful in risk assessment to determine systemic exposure that is realistic and fill data gaps.

查看原文本刊更多论文

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Toxicology in Vitro 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

6.50

自引率

3.10%

发文量

181

审稿时长

65 days

期刊介绍： Toxicology in Vitro publishes original research papers and reviews on the application and use of in vitro systems for assessing or predicting the toxic effects of chemicals and elucidating their mechanisms of action. These in vitro techniques include utilizing cell or tissue cultures, isolated cells, tissue slices, subcellular fractions, transgenic cell cultures, and cells from transgenic organisms, as well as in silico modelling. The Journal will focus on investigations that involve the development and validation of new in vitro methods, e.g. for prediction of toxic effects based on traditional and in silico modelling; on the use of methods in high-throughput toxicology and pharmacology; elucidation of mechanisms of toxic action; the application of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics in toxicology, as well as on comparative studies that characterise the relationship between in vitro and in vivo findings. The Journal strongly encourages the submission of manuscripts that focus on the development of in vitro methods, their practical applications and regulatory use (e.g. in the areas of food components cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals). Toxicology in Vitro discourages papers that record reporting on toxicological effects from materials, such as plant extracts or herbal medicines, that have not been chemically characterized.