A sustainable and efficient method for preparation of benzothiazole sulfonamides using Fe3O4@SiO2-DiCA/BPY-CuI nanocomposite as a novel reusable catalyst

Abstract

In this paper, we successfully developed the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-DiCA/BPY-CuI nanocomposite and rigorously assessed its catalytic performance in producing benzothiazole sulfonamides. This was achieved through innovative coupling reactions involving 2-amino benzothiazoles, aryl iodides, and K₂S₂O₅, utilizing KOAc in glycerol under mild conditions. Our catalyst, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-DiCA/BPY-CuI, was synthesized using a straightforward and effective approach, which involves immobilizing copper iodide on Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ nanoparticles modified with a bipyridine ligand. Notably, we stand at the forefront of synthetic chemistry, having achieved the unprecedented production of 21 distinct benzothiazole sulfonamide derivatives for the very first time with this catalyst. Our method aligns perfectly with green chemistry principles, demonstrating exceptional efficiency under gentle conditions. The results of our extensive recycling evaluations highlight the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-DiCA/BPY-CuI catalyst as a superior choice for green chemistry applications. It’s remarkable ease of separation from the reaction mixture, combined with its impressive ability to be reused for up to 8 consecutive cycles without any significant decline in catalytic efficacy, underscores its exceptional potential. The outcomes from our tests, evaluations, and comparative analyses reveal that this catalytic system possesses numerous remarkable features, including the high-yield synthesis of various benzothiazole sulfonamide derivatives, environmentally friendly reaction conditions, the utilization of a green solvent, and a catalyst firmly rooted in the principles of green chemistry.