[Laparoscopic interventions in urgent surgery (literature review)].

Abstract

Laparoscopy is increasingly used in emergency surgery, demonstrating several advantages over open interventions.

Material and methods: A systematic literature review for 2018-2023 was performed, searching PubMed, MEDLINE, RSCI, CyberLeninka databases. 33 studies on the use of laparoscopy in acute surgical abdominal diseases were selected.

Results: The most convincing data have been obtained regarding laparoscopic treatment of acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, and gynecological pathology. There is a growing number of studies confirming the effectiveness of laparoscopy in intestinal obstruction, perforated ulcers, and abdominal trauma. Numerous publications indicate a reduction in the complication rate, decreased pain, shortened treatment and rehabilitation time after laparoscopic surgeries compared to open ones. At the same time, insufficient integration of the method into practice, lack of clear patient selection criteria, and the need for further standardization are noted.

Conclusion: Laparoscopy should be considered as the method of choice in many urgent surgical conditions; however, further study and development of uniform protocols are required for wider implementation into the routine practice of emergency surgery.