E. M. Hausrath, R. Sullivan, Y. Goreva, M. P. Zorzano, A. Vaughan, A. Cousin, S. Siljeström, S. Sharma, A. O. Shumway, T. Kizovski, S. J. VanBommel, M. Tice, A. Knight, G. Martinez, A. Vicente-Retortillo, L. Mandon, C. T. Adcock, J. M. Madariaga, I. Población, J. R. Johnson, J. Lasue, O. Gasnault, N. Randazzo, E. L. Cardarelli, R. Kronyak, A. Bechtold, G. Paar, A. Udry, O. Forni, C. C. Bedford, N. A. Carman, J. F. Bell III, K. Benison, T. Bosak, A. Brown, A. Broz, F. Calef, B. C. Clark, E. Cloutis, A. D. Czaja, T. Fornaro, T. Fouchet, M. Golombek, F. Gómez, C. D. K. Herd, K. Herkenhoff, R. S. Jakubek, L. Jandura, J. Martinez-Frias, L. E. Mayhew, P.-Y. Meslin, C. E. Newman, J. I. Núñez, F. Poulet, C. Royer, P. Russell, M. A. Sephton, S. K. Sharma, D. Shuster, J. I. Simon, I. Tirona, R. C. Wiens, B. P. Weiss, A. J. Williams, K. Williford, Z. U. Wolf, the Regolith Working Group
{"title":"Collection and In Situ Analyses of Regolith Samples by the Mars 2020 Rover: Implications for Their Formation and Alteration History","authors":"E. M. Hausrath, R. Sullivan, Y. Goreva, M. P. Zorzano, A. Vaughan, A. Cousin, S. Siljeström, S. Sharma, A. O. Shumway, T. Kizovski, S. J. VanBommel, M. Tice, A. Knight, G. Martinez, A. Vicente-Retortillo, L. Mandon, C. T. Adcock, J. M. Madariaga, I. Población, J. R. Johnson, J. Lasue, O. Gasnault, N. Randazzo, E. L. Cardarelli, R. Kronyak, A. Bechtold, G. Paar, A. Udry, O. Forni, C. C. Bedford, N. A. Carman, J. F. Bell III, K. Benison, T. Bosak, A. Brown, A. Broz, F. Calef, B. C. Clark, E. Cloutis, A. D. Czaja, T. Fornaro, T. Fouchet, M. Golombek, F. Gómez, C. D. K. Herd, K. Herkenhoff, R. S. Jakubek, L. Jandura, J. Martinez-Frias, L. E. Mayhew, P.-Y. Meslin, C. E. Newman, J. I. Núñez, F. Poulet, C. Royer, P. Russell, M. A. Sephton, S. K. Sharma, D. Shuster, J. I. Simon, I. Tirona, R. C. Wiens, B. P. Weiss, A. J. Williams, K. Williford, Z. U. Wolf, the Regolith Working Group","doi":"10.1029/2023JE008046","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <p>The <i>Perseverance</i> rover has sampled mm-size lithic fragments containing olivine likely from at least two source regions from the surface of an inactive megaripple surface, and fine-grained material from the surface and to a depth of ∼4–6 cm. Some of the mm-size grains lack a coherent diffraction pattern measured by PIXL, consistent with the presence of poorly ordered secondary phases that have been altered. Analysis of these materials on Earth will allow examination of materials that have experienced aqueous, potentially habitable environments that could contain biosignatures. Fluorescence of three different patterns was detected, consistent with inorganic emissions from silica defects or rare earth elements in certain mineral phases, although organic origin cannot be excluded. Analysis of Autofocus Context Imager and Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering images of the subsurface material and MEDA thermal inertia measurements indicate average grain sizes of ∼125 and ∼150 μm, respectively, for the bulk material within the megaripple. The fine-grained material in the sampling location indicates chemical compositions similar to previously proposed global components as well as airfall dust. In situ and associated atmospheric measurements provide evidence of recent processes likely including water vapor in soil crust formation. The sampled material will therefore help elucidate the formation of Martian soils; current surface-atmosphere interactions; the composition, shape, and size distribution of dust grains valuable for studies of past and present Martian climate and for assessing potential health and other risks to human missions; and ancient, aqueously altered environments that could have been habitable, and, if Mars contained life, possibly contain biosignatures.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":16101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","volume":"130 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2023JE008046","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023JE008046","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The Perseverance rover has sampled mm-size lithic fragments containing olivine likely from at least two source regions from the surface of an inactive megaripple surface, and fine-grained material from the surface and to a depth of ∼4–6 cm. Some of the mm-size grains lack a coherent diffraction pattern measured by PIXL, consistent with the presence of poorly ordered secondary phases that have been altered. Analysis of these materials on Earth will allow examination of materials that have experienced aqueous, potentially habitable environments that could contain biosignatures. Fluorescence of three different patterns was detected, consistent with inorganic emissions from silica defects or rare earth elements in certain mineral phases, although organic origin cannot be excluded. Analysis of Autofocus Context Imager and Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering images of the subsurface material and MEDA thermal inertia measurements indicate average grain sizes of ∼125 and ∼150 μm, respectively, for the bulk material within the megaripple. The fine-grained material in the sampling location indicates chemical compositions similar to previously proposed global components as well as airfall dust. In situ and associated atmospheric measurements provide evidence of recent processes likely including water vapor in soil crust formation. The sampled material will therefore help elucidate the formation of Martian soils; current surface-atmosphere interactions; the composition, shape, and size distribution of dust grains valuable for studies of past and present Martian climate and for assessing potential health and other risks to human missions; and ancient, aqueously altered environments that could have been habitable, and, if Mars contained life, possibly contain biosignatures.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Geophysical Research Planets is dedicated to the publication of new and original research in the broad field of planetary science. Manuscripts concerning planetary geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheres, and dynamics are appropriate for the journal when they increase knowledge about the processes that affect Solar System objects. Manuscripts concerning other planetary systems, exoplanets or Earth are welcome when presented in a comparative planetology perspective. Studies in the field of astrobiology will be considered when they have immediate consequences for the interpretation of planetary data. JGR: Planets does not publish manuscripts that deal with future missions and instrumentation, nor those that are primarily of an engineering interest. Instrument, calibration or data processing papers may be appropriate for the journal, but only when accompanied by scientific analysis and interpretation that increases understanding of the studied object. A manuscript that describes a new method or technique would be acceptable for JGR: Planets if it contained new and relevant scientific results obtained using the method. Review articles are generally not appropriate for JGR: Planets, but they may be considered if they form an integral part of a special issue.