Collection and In Situ Analyses of Regolith Samples by the Mars 2020 Rover: Implications for Their Formation and Alteration History

IF 3.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
E. M. Hausrath, R. Sullivan, Y. Goreva, M. P. Zorzano, A. Vaughan, A. Cousin, S. Siljeström, S. Sharma, A. O. Shumway, T. Kizovski, S. J. VanBommel, M. Tice, A. Knight, G. Martinez, A. Vicente-Retortillo, L. Mandon, C. T. Adcock, J. M. Madariaga, I. Población, J. R. Johnson, J. Lasue, O. Gasnault, N. Randazzo, E. L. Cardarelli, R. Kronyak, A. Bechtold, G. Paar, A. Udry, O. Forni, C. C. Bedford, N. A. Carman, J. F. Bell III, K. Benison, T. Bosak, A. Brown, A. Broz, F. Calef, B. C. Clark, E. Cloutis, A. D. Czaja, T. Fornaro, T. Fouchet, M. Golombek, F. Gómez, C. D. K. Herd, K. Herkenhoff, R. S. Jakubek, L. Jandura, J. Martinez-Frias, L. E. Mayhew, P.-Y. Meslin, C. E. Newman, J. I. Núñez, F. Poulet, C. Royer, P. Russell, M. A. Sephton, S. K. Sharma, D. Shuster, J. I. Simon, I. Tirona, R. C. Wiens, B. P. Weiss, A. J. Williams, K. Williford, Z. U. Wolf, the Regolith Working Group
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Perseverance rover has sampled mm-size lithic fragments containing olivine likely from at least two source regions from the surface of an inactive megaripple surface, and fine-grained material from the surface and to a depth of ∼4–6 cm. Some of the mm-size grains lack a coherent diffraction pattern measured by PIXL, consistent with the presence of poorly ordered secondary phases that have been altered. Analysis of these materials on Earth will allow examination of materials that have experienced aqueous, potentially habitable environments that could contain biosignatures. Fluorescence of three different patterns was detected, consistent with inorganic emissions from silica defects or rare earth elements in certain mineral phases, although organic origin cannot be excluded. Analysis of Autofocus Context Imager and Wide Angle Topographic Sensor for Operations and eNgineering images of the subsurface material and MEDA thermal inertia measurements indicate average grain sizes of ∼125 and ∼150 μm, respectively, for the bulk material within the megaripple. The fine-grained material in the sampling location indicates chemical compositions similar to previously proposed global components as well as airfall dust. In situ and associated atmospheric measurements provide evidence of recent processes likely including water vapor in soil crust formation. The sampled material will therefore help elucidate the formation of Martian soils; current surface-atmosphere interactions; the composition, shape, and size distribution of dust grains valuable for studies of past and present Martian climate and for assessing potential health and other risks to human missions; and ancient, aqueously altered environments that could have been habitable, and, if Mars contained life, possibly contain biosignatures.

Abstract Image

火星2020漫游者收集和现场分析风化样品:对其形成和变化历史的影响
“毅力”号火星车已经对含有橄榄石的毫米大小的岩屑碎片进行了采样,这些岩屑可能来自至少两个来自非活动巨果表面的来源区域,以及来自表面和深度约4-6厘米的细颗粒物质。一些毫米大小的颗粒缺乏由PIXL测量的相干衍射模式,这与被改变的次相的存在是一致的。在地球上对这些材料的分析将使我们能够检查那些经历过水环境的材料,这些水环境可能含有生物特征。检测到三种不同模式的荧光,与二氧化硅缺陷或某些矿物相中的稀土元素的无机发射相一致,尽管不能排除有机来源。自动对焦背景成像仪和用于操作和工程的广角地形传感器的亚表面材料图像分析和MEDA热惯性测量表明,在兆微波内的大块材料的平均晶粒尺寸分别为~ 125和~ 150 μm。采样位置的细颗粒物质表明化学成分类似于先前提出的全球成分以及空气降落尘埃。现场和相关的大气测量提供了近期过程的证据,可能包括土壤结壳形成中的水蒸气。因此,取样的物质将有助于阐明火星土壤的形成;当前地表-大气相互作用;尘埃颗粒的组成、形状和大小分布,对研究火星过去和现在的气候以及评估人类任务可能面临的健康和其他风险很有价值;古老的、被水改造过的环境可能适合居住,如果火星上有生命,可能也有生物特征。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
27.10%
发文量
254
期刊介绍: The Journal of Geophysical Research Planets is dedicated to the publication of new and original research in the broad field of planetary science. Manuscripts concerning planetary geology, geophysics, geochemistry, atmospheres, and dynamics are appropriate for the journal when they increase knowledge about the processes that affect Solar System objects. Manuscripts concerning other planetary systems, exoplanets or Earth are welcome when presented in a comparative planetology perspective. Studies in the field of astrobiology will be considered when they have immediate consequences for the interpretation of planetary data. JGR: Planets does not publish manuscripts that deal with future missions and instrumentation, nor those that are primarily of an engineering interest. Instrument, calibration or data processing papers may be appropriate for the journal, but only when accompanied by scientific analysis and interpretation that increases understanding of the studied object. A manuscript that describes a new method or technique would be acceptable for JGR: Planets if it contained new and relevant scientific results obtained using the method. Review articles are generally not appropriate for JGR: Planets, but they may be considered if they form an integral part of a special issue.
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