{"title":"Determination of eco-efficiency and optimization of input utilization in hazelnut production of Türkiye","authors":"Uğur Başer","doi":"10.1007/s10668-024-05836-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The heavy reliance on input use in hazelnut production not only reduces economic efficiency but also threatens environmental sustainability, highlighting the need for improved input management and reduced ecological impact. This study aimed to assess the eco-efficiency of hazelnut farms using an input-oriented inverse DEA approach, determine the optimal input levels, and identify the factors contributing to eco-inefficiency through truncated regression analysis. Primary data were collected from 121 hazelnut farms through face-to-face interviews in the provinces of Giresun, Ordu, and Samsun in Türkiye. The inverse DEA method was used to evaluate eco-efficiency, while the truncated regression model was used to identify factors contributing to eco-inefficiency. The results revealed that the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in hazelnut production were caused by pesticides, contributing 153.58 kg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> of GHG emissions per hectare. This was followed by manure at 132.53 kg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> per hectare, chemical fertilizer at 78.44 kg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> per hectare, and diesel fuel at 72.66 kg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> per hectare. The average eco-efficiency score was calculated to be 82.8%, meaning that inputs could be reduced by 17.2% without affecting output. Pesticide use accounted for 24.83% of the total emissions, while manure contributed 21.42%, making them the largest sources of emissions. In hazelnut production, labor input was the most over-utilized resource, accounting for 12.40% of the total, followed by land size at 11.32% and other inputs at 10.53%. The eco-inefficiency model results showed that farming experience was statistically significant at the 10% level, agricultural insurance at the 5% level, and social security at the 1% level. The inefficient use of resources has a negative impact on both the economy and the environment. Therefore, implementing policies that promote the efficient use of inputs will significantly enhance the eco-efficiency of hazelnut production in Türkiye.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":540,"journal":{"name":"Environment, Development and Sustainability","volume":"27 1","pages":"665 - 680"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environment, Development and Sustainability","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-024-05836-3","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The heavy reliance on input use in hazelnut production not only reduces economic efficiency but also threatens environmental sustainability, highlighting the need for improved input management and reduced ecological impact. This study aimed to assess the eco-efficiency of hazelnut farms using an input-oriented inverse DEA approach, determine the optimal input levels, and identify the factors contributing to eco-inefficiency through truncated regression analysis. Primary data were collected from 121 hazelnut farms through face-to-face interviews in the provinces of Giresun, Ordu, and Samsun in Türkiye. The inverse DEA method was used to evaluate eco-efficiency, while the truncated regression model was used to identify factors contributing to eco-inefficiency. The results revealed that the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in hazelnut production were caused by pesticides, contributing 153.58 kg CO2-eq of GHG emissions per hectare. This was followed by manure at 132.53 kg CO2-eq per hectare, chemical fertilizer at 78.44 kg CO2-eq per hectare, and diesel fuel at 72.66 kg CO2-eq per hectare. The average eco-efficiency score was calculated to be 82.8%, meaning that inputs could be reduced by 17.2% without affecting output. Pesticide use accounted for 24.83% of the total emissions, while manure contributed 21.42%, making them the largest sources of emissions. In hazelnut production, labor input was the most over-utilized resource, accounting for 12.40% of the total, followed by land size at 11.32% and other inputs at 10.53%. The eco-inefficiency model results showed that farming experience was statistically significant at the 10% level, agricultural insurance at the 5% level, and social security at the 1% level. The inefficient use of resources has a negative impact on both the economy and the environment. Therefore, implementing policies that promote the efficient use of inputs will significantly enhance the eco-efficiency of hazelnut production in Türkiye.
榛子生产严重依赖投入物的使用,不仅降低了经济效率,而且威胁到环境的可持续性,因此需要改进投入物管理,减少生态影响。本研究采用投入导向的反向DEA方法评估榛子农场的生态效率,确定最优投入水平,并通过截断回归分析确定影响生态效率低下的因素。通过面对面访谈,从缅甸吉雷松省、奥尔杜省和萨姆松省的121个榛子农场收集了初步数据。采用反DEA方法评价生态效率,采用截断回归模型识别生态效率低下的影响因素。结果表明,榛子生产温室气体排放量最高的是农药,每公顷温室气体排放量为153.58 kg co2当量。其次是粪肥,每公顷132.53千克二氧化碳当量,化肥每公顷78.44千克二氧化碳当量,柴油每公顷72.66千克二氧化碳当量。平均生态效率得分为82.8%,这意味着在不影响产出的情况下,投入可以减少17.2%。农药排放占总排放量的24.83%,粪便排放占21.42%,是最大的排放源。在榛子生产中,劳动力投入是过度利用最多的资源,占12.40%,其次是土地规模,占11.32%,其他投入占10.53%。生态效率低下模型结果显示,农业经验在10%水平上显著,农业保险在5%水平上显著,社会保障在1%水平上显著。资源的低效利用对经济和环境都有负面影响。因此,实施促进投入物有效利用的政策将显著提高 rkiye榛子生产的生态效率。
期刊介绍:
Environment, Development and Sustainability is an international and multidisciplinary journal covering all aspects of the environmental impacts of socio-economic development. It is also concerned with the complex interactions which occur between development and environment, and its purpose is to seek ways and means for achieving sustainability in all human activities aimed at such development. The subject matter of the journal includes the following and related issues:
-mutual interactions among society, development and environment, and their implications for sustainable development
-technical, economic, ethical and philosophical aspects of sustainable development
-global sustainability - the obstacles and ways in which they could be overcome
-local and regional sustainability initiatives, their practical implementation, and relevance for use in a wider context
-development and application of indicators of sustainability
-development, verification, implementation and monitoring of policies for sustainable development
-sustainable use of land, water, energy and biological resources in development
-impacts of agriculture and forestry activities on soil and aquatic ecosystems and biodiversity
-effects of energy use and global climate change on development and sustainability
-impacts of population growth and human activities on food and other essential resources for development
-role of national and international agencies, and of international aid and trade arrangements in sustainable development
-social and cultural contexts of sustainable development
-role of education and public awareness in sustainable development
-role of political and economic instruments in sustainable development
-shortcomings of sustainable development and its alternatives.