Insights into the transmission cycle of cutaneous leishmaniasis from an endemic community in rural Guatemala

IF 1.7 Q3 PARASITOLOGY
Yaimie Lopez , Aitor Casas-Sanchez , Byron Arana , Nidia Rizzo , Erick Duran , Norma Padilla , Andrea de la Vega , Esteban Bustamante , Álvaro Acosta-Serrano , Renata Mendizabal-Cabrera
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Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic vector-borne disease prevalent in 90 countries. Despite its endemicity in Guatemala, key transmission factors are still unknown. To address this, we characterized sand fly populations and Leishmania parasites in a Guatemalan community in 2022. We visited the households of 23 patients with lesions compatible with CL, sampled for sand flies and analysed Leishmania spp. presence in patients’ skin scrapings and in collected sand flies. We collected 93 sand flies, predominantly females including the vector species Nyssomyia ylephiletor, Bichromomyia olmeca and Lutzomyia cruciata. Nyssomyia ylephiletor was the most abundant species indoors. Four Leishmania spp. were identified including L. panamensis, L. guyanensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum in CL lesions, L. guyanensis complex species (L. guyanensis or L. panamensis) and Leishmania sp. in sand flies. Sand fly species positive for Leishmania spp. were Ny. ylephiletor, Dampfomyia deleoni, Dampfomyia sp. and Brumptomyia sp. Blood-meal analysis revealed human and pig blood in engorged Ny. ylephiletor collected inside and in the proximity of the households. This is the first report of L. guyanensis in Guatemalan patients and provides insights into CL transmission dynamics, suggesting potential indoor transmission, pending more studies.

Abstract Image

对危地马拉农村一个流行社区皮肤利什曼病传播周期的了解
皮肤利什曼病是一种在90个国家流行的寄生虫病媒传播疾病。尽管它在危地马拉流行,但主要传播因素仍然未知。为了解决这个问题,我们在2022年对危地马拉社区的沙蝇种群和利什曼原虫进行了研究。我们访问了23名与CL相容的病变患者的家庭,采集了沙蝇样本,并分析了患者皮肤刮擦和收集到的沙蝇中利什曼原虫的存在。共捕获沙蝇93只,以雌蝇为主,包括病媒蝇红蝇、绿蝇和十字形沙蝇。室内种类最多的是nyyssomyia ylephiletor。在白蛉中鉴定出4种利什曼原虫,包括巴拿马利什曼原虫、古延利什曼原虫、巴西利什曼原虫和婴儿利什曼原虫,在白蛉中鉴定出古延利什曼原虫复合种(古延利什曼原虫或巴拿马利什曼原虫)和利什曼原虫。利什曼原虫属沙蝇呈阳性的品种有纽约州;血粉分析结果显示,在血球充血的纽约州有嗜血球菌、德氏湿霉菌、湿霉菌和棕霉菌。叶利菲特聚集在住户内部和附近。这是危地马拉患者中首次报告guyanensis,并提供了CL传播动力学的见解,提示可能的室内传播,有待更多研究。
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CiteScore
3.60
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