Posthumanism in ecofeminist literature: Transgressions in Kazuo Ishiguro's Klara and the Sun

Jan Gresil S. Kahambing , Virgilio A. Rivas
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Abstract

This paper establishes a critical place of conversation between an ecofeminist type of contravening patriarchal and masculine-centered discourse and posthumanist attempts to problematize boundary-setting systems assembled around the conceit of speciesism and human privilege. Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Klara and the Sun (2021) supplies this conversational groundwork centered around the novel's main protagonist, Klara, an Artificial Friend (AF). The literary presence of Klara is designed to infract a conventional social space (dominated by humans), technically eroding the human/non-human and nature/culture duality. Such erosion implies a transgression, portrayed in posthuman studies as a transcendence of the human and in ecofeminist studies as a deconstruction of the often-oppressive essentialist relationships of women and the environment. Transgression is the boundary-crossing mediation among actants. The novel permits us to see multivalent frames, each thematizing a posthuman future in terms of gender differences, the posthuman/human intricate gravitation towards loneliness, and, most of all, love. Through the examination of this work, an interrogation of the technological trajectory of the near future also suggests repositioning the role of posthumans concerning their environments.
生态女性主义文学中的后人类主义:石黑一雄《克拉拉与太阳》中的越界
本文建立了一个关键的对话场所,在生态女性主义类型的冲突父权和以男性为中心的话语和后人文主义试图问题化围绕物种主义和人类特权自负的边界设置系统之间进行对话。石黑一雄的小说《克拉拉与太阳》(2021)提供了这种对话基础,围绕小说的主角克拉拉,一个人工朋友(AF)展开。克拉拉的文学存在被设计为侵犯传统的社会空间(由人类主导),从技术上侵蚀人类/非人类和自然/文化的二元性。这种侵蚀意味着一种越界,在后人类研究中被描绘为对人类的超越,在生态女权主义研究中被描绘为对女性与环境之间往往是压迫性的本质主义关系的解构。越界是行为主体之间的跨界调解。这部小说让我们看到了多重价值的框架,每个框架都以性别差异、后人类/人类对孤独的复杂引力,以及最重要的爱为主题,来主题化后人类的未来。通过对这项工作的考察,对不久的将来的技术轨迹的询问也建议重新定位后人类在其环境中的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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