Cell-associated galectin 9 interacts with cytotoxic T cells confers resistance to tumor killing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through autophagy activation

IF 21.8 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY
Ngar-Woon Kam, Cho Yiu Lau, Jeffrey Yan Ho Lau, Xin Dai, Yusi Liang, Syrus Pak Hei Lai, Michael King Yung Chung, Valen Zhuoyou Yu, Wenting Qiu, Mengsu Yang, Corey Smith, Rajiv Khanna, Kwan Ming Ng, Wei Dai, Chi Ming Che, Victor Ho-Fun Lee, Dora L. W. Kwong
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Abstract

Immune effector cells, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play essential roles in eliminating cancer cells. However, their functionality is often compromised, even when they infiltrate the tumor microenvironment (TME) or are transferred to cancer patients adoptively. In this study, we focused on galectin 9 (G9), an inhibitory ligand that we observed to be predominately positioned on the plasma membrane and readily interacts with CD8 + CTL in the TME of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We discovered that cell-cell contact between activated effector CTLs and target tumor cells (TarTC) with G9 overexpression led to cellular death defects. Despite the formation of CTL–TarTC conjugates, there is no impact on the cell number nor viability of CTL, and the release of cytolytic content and associated activity were not completely abrogated. Instead, this interaction promoted autophagy and restricted necrosis in the TarTC. Furthermore, reducing G9 expression in tumor cells enhanced the suppressive effect on tumor growth upon adoptive transfer of activated effector CTL. Additionally, inhibiting autophagy effectively controlled tumor growth in cases of G9 overexpression. Therefore, we highlight the contribution of G9 in facilitating the resistance of NPC to CTL-mediated killing by inducing a selection-cell death state in tumor cells, characterized by increased autophagy and decreased necrosis.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
31.20
自引率
1.20%
发文量
903
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Cellular & Molecular Immunology, a monthly journal from the Chinese Society of Immunology and the University of Science and Technology of China, serves as a comprehensive platform covering both basic immunology research and clinical applications. The journal publishes a variety of article types, including Articles, Review Articles, Mini Reviews, and Short Communications, focusing on diverse aspects of cellular and molecular immunology.
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