Insights from the Analysis of the Sepsis Dataset: Understanding the Immune Dynamics and Molecular Pathways in Sepsis

Abstract

Sepsis, a critical medical condition instigated by infections, profoundly alters molecular and cellular immune responses. This study focused on the GSE54514 dataset obtained from the GEO database to uncover the complex gene expression patterns and related pathways in sepsis. A total of 42 genes were found to be expressed differently in septic patients compared to those of healthy individuals. The enrichment analyses of pathways revealed the disruption of natural immune pathways such as toll-like receptor signaling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and NOD-like receptor signaling. Through ssGSEA analysis, we revealed a strong association between sepsis and immune cell dynamics, finding significant correlations with HLA-related genes and distinct immune cell populations. Furthermore, genes such as CCL5, CD274, CD3E, and CD8A were linked with pathways, notably the “ribosome” pathway, suggesting potential roles in sepsis-related immune responses. The extensive examination provides fresh perspectives on the gene expression and pathway changes in sepsis, laying the groundwork for upcoming therapeutic interventions and a more profound comprehension of this intricate condition.