The impact of space habitat conditions on visual performance and cognitive load in analogue astronauts

Abstract

Analogue astronauts in simulated space habitats face specific environmental conditions, including limited space, controlled airflow, and artificial lighting, which can lead to visual strain and mental fatigue. This study investigates the impact of such conditions on visual performance and cognitive load using mobile eye tracking during a two-week simulated mission in the LunAres Analogue Space Habitat. Thirty healthy adults participated, with measurements taken before and after the mission to assess visual acuity, binocular vision, and symptoms of ocular surface disease. Key findings include no significant changes in visual acuity, but notable alterations in binocular vision parameters, such as near points of accommodation and convergence, indicating near-point visual stress. Although dry eye symptoms were minimal, participants reported increased visual impairment symptoms post-mission, including difficulties with reading and depth of perception. Subject also reported increased sensitivity to fluorescent light. Eye tracking data revealed increased distraction and longer fixation times after the mission, suggesting higher cognitive load and potential impact on task performance. These results underscore the importance of addressing visual health in space missions, suggesting potential interventions such as vision therapy, adjustable lighting, and therapeutic refractive correction to mitigate visual fatigue and improve astronaut performance.