Gendered perspectives on obsessive-compulsive disorder among Russian women: A comparative study of self-identified and clinically diagnosed individuals

Abstract

This study utilized semi-structured biographical interviews and thematic analysis to explore the sociocultural construction of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) experiences among 12 young Russian women, comparing self-diagnosed and clinically diagnosed cases. The findings demonstrate that women with self-identified OCD often framed their experiences in a personal and individualized context, attributing their symptoms to specific life events or stressors. They used self-diagnosis to understand and manage their symptoms without formal medical intervention, displaying a strong sense of agency and personal responsibility. In contrast, women with clinically diagnosed OCD described their experiences through medical and psychological frameworks, including detailed accounts of interactions with healthcare providers, the diagnostic process, and structured treatment plans. They frequently emphasized the importance of external validation and professional support. Both groups shared common themes related to societal stigma, gender-specific challenges, and the impact of cultural norms. However, the clinically diagnosed group relied more on pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, while the self-identified group focused on self-help strategies and personal coping mechanisms. This research highlights the importance of addressing sociocultural and gender-specific factors in OCD treatment and public awareness campaigns to reduce stigma and improve support for women with OCD.