A theoretical exploration of quantum dots and nanowires as next-generation photovoltaics

Abstract

The demand for sustainable energy continues to grow due to the depletion of traditional energy sources. Photovoltaics (PVs) are among the most effective energy harvesting technologies that support sustainable energy production. However, conventional PV cells face certain limitations. Quantum dots (QDs) and nanowires (NWs) are promising materials poised to advance next-generation PV technologies. QDs possess size-tunable electronic properties and high absorption coefficients, potentially increasing the spectral range of sunlight harnessed, leading to higher energy conversion efficiencies. NWs, on other hand have high aspect ratios and efficient charge transport capabilities, that offer significant improvements in light absorption and carrier collection. By integrating QDs and NWs into PV structures, it is possible to overcome the limitations of conventional silicon-based PV cells. This current narrative review explores the theoretical basis of the emergence of QDs and NWs as next-generation PVs. It discusses the fundamental principles of QDs and NWs in PV applications, exploring their synthesis, properties, and integration into solar cell devices. Furthermore, the review highlights recent advancements, challenges, and potential future directions in the sustainable electric energy arena.