Integrated omics profiles for exploring the potential mechanism underlying aroma formation in the terpenoid-rich aromatic plant Opisthopappus taihangensis and the bioactivity of its leaf essential oil

Maolin Liu , Yushu Li , Haixia Chen , Chunjie He , Lei Sun , Xiuhai Zhang , Zongda Xu , Hua Liu
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Abstract

Opisthopappus taihangensis (Anthemideae, Asteraceae), which is rich in bioactive components, produces flowers and leaves with robust fragrances. In this study, we conducted comprehensive metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to identify changes in terpenoid metabolites and associated gene expression across various O. taihangensis tissues (leaves, buds, and inflorescences at the exposure, initial-bloom, and full-bloom stages). We identified 1370 metabolites using headspace solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC–MS), 308 of which were terpenoid metabolites. The expression of terpenoid synthesis-related genes was relatively consistent with the synthesis of terpenoid metabolites at each examined developmental stage. An analysis of gene networks governing terpenoid synthesis revealed that MCT genes (OtMCT1, OtMCT2, and OtMCT3), TPS genes (OtTPS5, OtTPS9, and OtTPS10), and OtISPS1 may be crucial for synthesizing specific metabolites in different tissues. Additionally, the essential oil extracted from leaves by water distillation showed that thujone and camphor were the predominant components. The considerable antioxidant activity of the leaf essential oil was comparable to that of vitamin C (16 ​μg/mL). Notably, its antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli growth were greater than those of ampicillin and vancomycin at the same concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the leaf essential oil significantly disrupted bacterial cell structures. This study thoroughly analyzed the network of genes regulating terpenoid metabolites in different O. taihangensis tissues, and elucidated the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the leaf essential oil, thus providing valuable insights for breeding, molecular characterization, and the potential application of O. taihangensis in developing useful essential oil-based natural products.
利用综合组学研究富萜类芳香植物太行阿皮草(Opisthopappus taihangensis)香气形成的潜在机制及其叶精油的生物活性
太行大蠊(Opisthopappus taihangensis,菊科,菊花科)具有丰富的生物活性成分,其花叶香气浓郁。在本研究中,我们进行了全面的代谢组学和转录组学分析,以确定不同组织(叶片、芽和花序)在暴露期、初花期和盛花期萜类代谢物和相关基因表达的变化。采用顶空气固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME/ GC-MS)鉴定了1370种代谢物,其中308种为萜类代谢物。萜类合成相关基因的表达与各发育阶段萜类代谢产物的合成相对一致。一项控制萜类化合物合成的基因网络分析显示,MCT基因(OtMCT1、OtMCT2和OtMCT3)、TPS基因(OtTPS5、OtTPS9和OtTPS10)和OtISPS1可能对不同组织中特定代谢物的合成至关重要。水蒸馏法提取的精油中,主要成分为图琼和樟脑。其抗氧化活性与维生素C相当(16 μg/mL)。值得注意的是,在相同浓度下,其对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌作用大于氨苄西林和万古霉素。扫描电镜图像显示,叶精油显著破坏细菌细胞结构。本研究深入分析了太行油不同组织中萜类代谢产物的调控基因网络,阐明了太行油叶精油的抗氧化和抗菌潜力,为太行油叶精油的选育、分子表征以及开发有用的精油基天然产品提供了有价值的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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