Enhanced stability and activity in the upgrading ethanol to n-butanol using a ruthenium polyphenylene catalyst

IF 4.7 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Applied Catalysis A: General Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1016/j.apcata.2025.120139

Xuetong Pei , Mengyao Su , Christopher Waldron , Marc Walker , Donato Decarolis , Qian He , Stuart Archer , Martin B. Smith , Sandra E. Dann , Simon A. Kondrat

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Bioethanol upgrading to n-butanol is catalysed by homogeneous catalysts under mild solventless liquid phase conditions, at which heterogeneous catalysts have poor performance. Here a heterogeneous catalyst, initially comprised of a Ru(bipy) complex incorporated into a polyphenylene support, gave a catalytic performance (TON of 3565 Ru⁻¹ and 82 % n-butanol selectivity) that exceeded contemporary homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Catalyst deactivation by water byproduct inhibition was improved by removal of water, via recharging the reactor with fresh ethanol, or by the co-addition of molecular sieve. The Ru polyphenylene catalyst showed greater stability in the presence of molecular sieve compared to the homogeneous catalyst, enabling high butanol yields. Characterisation showed a structural transformation of the single atom Ru(bipy) into 2.6 nm Ru(0) nanoparticles after 16 h reaction. While the Ru(0) had moderate recyclability (TON of 1000 Ru⁻¹) the initial highly active species seen in the fresh catalyst are not stable.

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来源期刊

Applied Catalysis A: General 化学-环境科学

CiteScore

9.00

自引率

5.50%

发文量

415

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： Applied Catalysis A: General publishes original papers on all aspects of catalysis of basic and practical interest to chemical scientists in both industrial and academic fields, with an emphasis onnew understanding of catalysts and catalytic reactions, new catalytic materials, new techniques, and new processes, especially those that have potential practical implications. Papers that report results of a thorough study or optimization of systems or processes that are well understood, widely studied, or minor variations of known ones are discouraged. Authors should include statements in a separate section "Justification for Publication" of how the manuscript fits the scope of the journal in the cover letter to the editors. Submissions without such justification will be rejected without review.