Dermatitis por contacto alérgica en el párpado: diagnóstico, diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento

Abstract

Eyelid dermatitis can be a manifestation of endogenous diseases (for example, atopic dermatitis) or the result of external exposures (contact allergic dermatitis). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in the development of this review. Reviews or meta-analyses evaluating diagnostic methods, treatments, or allergen search through patch testing for eyelid contact allergic dermatitis were included. Searches were conducted in the research databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, and PubMed. Common allergens include nickel, preservatives, fragrances, and neomycin. Cosmetics and fragrances are common vehicles for responsible allergens. The most common ones include gold, CAPB, carmine, shellac resin, and thimerosal. The diagnosis of eyelid contact allergic dermatitis is based on clinical evaluation and physical examination. Patch tests are a useful tool to identify responsible allergens in cases where clinical history is inconclusive. The use of emollients and topical corticosteroids can alleviate symptoms. New therapies such as targeted molecules like monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Dupilumab) and JAK inhibitors (e.g., Tofacitinib) have become useful tools for refractory cases.