Fundamental and dipole-mode quantum droplets in one-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

We investigate dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) trapped in a one-dimensional, cigar-shaped potential well, with all dipoles polarized along the axis of the potential. This research focuses on the formation and dynamics of quantum droplets within this system. We find that self-bound states occur when the strength of the contact interaction exceeds a certain threshold value. Quantum droplets, including both fundamental and dipole-mode states, can be produced when the contact interaction strength is large, while matter-wave solitons form when these values are weaker. The transition between matter-wave solitons and quantum droplets is identified through a comparison of numerical and analytical results. Additionally, the study briefly discusses collisions between fundamental and dipole-mode quantum droplets, which are found to be inelastic. The phenomena associated with these collisions are also described.