Determining extent and distribution of methamphetamine in cars: Air vs. surface vs. fabrics

IF 2.6 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Forensic Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI:10.1016/j.forc.2024.100628

Gemma L. Kerry , Kirstin E. Ross , G. Stewart Walker , Jackie Wright

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Abstract

Methamphetamine can be manufactured or smoked in vehicles resulting in contamination. In addition, the transportation of drugs between place of manufacture and distribution can lead to contamination. Subsequent passengers or drivers of contaminated vehicles could be exposed to thirdhand drugs. Individuals exposed to thirdhand contamination have shown adverse health symptoms including respiratory problems, headaches, and behavioural and cognitive issues. Therefore, it is important to determine the overall methamphetamine contamination extent of cars to protect public health. This study was undertaken to determine the extent and distribution of contamination on surfaces, in air and from porous materials in two cars that tested positive for methamphetamine. Air sampling was performed in two cars using two sorbent tube types, followed by solvent desorption, and analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Additionally, surface wipe sampling and bulk material sampling was performed for one of the contaminated cars that was going to be destroyed. These results demonstrated that methamphetamine can be detected in air, on the surfaces of non-porous and porous materials and from within porous materials. Results also demonstrated that methamphetamine was still detected from a second, third and fourth wipe sampling event of a plastic surface, indicating that there is a necessity for further research on testing and remediation in cars.

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来源期刊

Forensic Chemistry CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL-

CiteScore

5.70

自引率

14.80%

发文量

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Forensic Chemistry publishes high quality manuscripts focusing on the theory, research and application of any chemical science to forensic analysis. The scope of the journal includes fundamental advancements that result in a better understanding of the evidentiary significance derived from the physical and chemical analysis of materials. The scope of Forensic Chemistry will also include the application and or development of any molecular and atomic spectrochemical technique, electrochemical techniques, sensors, surface characterization techniques, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, chemometrics and statistics, and separation sciences (e.g. chromatography) that provide insight into the forensic analysis of materials. Evidential topics of interest to the journal include, but are not limited to, fingerprint analysis, drug analysis, ignitable liquid residue analysis, explosives detection and analysis, the characterization and comparison of trace evidence (glass, fibers, paints and polymers, tapes, soils and other materials), ink and paper analysis, gunshot residue analysis, synthetic pathways for drugs, toxicology and the analysis and chemistry associated with the components of fingermarks. The journal is particularly interested in receiving manuscripts that report advances in the forensic interpretation of chemical evidence. Technology Readiness Level: When submitting an article to Forensic Chemistry, all authors will be asked to self-assign a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) to their article. The purpose of the TRL system is to help readers understand the level of maturity of an idea or method, to help track the evolution of readiness of a given technique or method, and to help filter published articles by the expected ease of implementation in an operation setting within a crime lab.