Understanding heavy Metal pollution dynamics in Çandarlı Gulf, western Türkiye: Insights from spatial analysis, sediment transport modeling and ecological risk assessment

IF 2.1 3区地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY

Continental Shelf Research Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI:10.1016/j.csr.2024.105393

Muhammet Duman , Atilla Hüsnü Eronat , Ezgi Talas , Murat Cenk Gerdanlı , Caner Tükel

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Abstract

This study investigates the sources, levels, and distribution of heavy metals in the surficial sediments of the Çandarlı Gulf, examining both natural and anthropogenic influences. Using sediment transport models, pollution assessments, and principal component analysis (PCA), have been identified mean metal concentrations in sediments as Zn > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > As. PCA revealed five key sources: natural processes, biogenic impacts, anthropogenic activities, industrial runoff, and wastewater. The sediment characteristics vary regionally, with high-energy conditions and sand dominance in the south, and finer materials in the north. High carbonate content in sandy areas links to mechanical abrasion. Trace elements like As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn exceed background values in southern and northeastern zones due to activities like container handling and ship dismantling. Ecological risk assessments show frequent adverse effects for Ni and As, and occasional effects for Cu and Zn. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive pollution control strategies to protect the Çandarlı Gulf's marine ecosystem.

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来源期刊

Continental Shelf Research 地学-海洋学

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

4.30%

发文量

136

审稿时长

6.1 months

期刊介绍： Continental Shelf Research publishes articles dealing with the biological, chemical, geological and physical oceanography of the shallow marine environment, from coastal and estuarine waters out to the shelf break. The continental shelf is a critical environment within the land-ocean continuum, and many processes, functions and problems in the continental shelf are driven by terrestrial inputs transported through the rivers and estuaries to the coastal and continental shelf areas. Manuscripts that deal with these topics must make a clear link to the continental shelf. Examples of research areas include: Physical sedimentology and geomorphology Geochemistry of the coastal ocean (inorganic and organic) Marine environment and anthropogenic effects Interaction of physical dynamics with natural and manmade shoreline features Benthic, phytoplankton and zooplankton ecology Coastal water and sediment quality, and ecosystem health Benthic-pelagic coupling (physical and biogeochemical) Interactions between physical dynamics (waves, currents, mixing, etc.) and biogeochemical cycles Estuarine, coastal and shelf sea modelling and process studies.