Human gut microbiome determining athletes’ performance: An insight from genomic analysis

Abstract

The Olympic Games are widely regarded as the pinnacle of global sports competition, where victories and medal counts symbolize a nation's strength and prestige. With growing attention on the Olympics and increasing interest in exercise, nutrition, and athletes as a population closely tied to gut microbiota, this article seeks to examine the relationship between athletes' gut microbiota and the optimization of athletic performance. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive overview and scientific evidence to guide training and dietary strategies for athletes, enhancing both their performance and health. Particular focus is placed on the effects of different types of sports, athletic disciplines, and fitness training programs on gut microbiota. It is well established that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption, providing energy to the host. Microbial fermentation produces key metabolites for athletes, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactate, and branched-chain fatty acids, which are essential for optimal performance. Through sports genomic analyses plus practice of Zone Diet, tailored solutions can be developed to boost the performance of athletes across various disciplines. This review highlights the differences in gut microbiota between elite and amateur athletes, the influence of diverse training regimens on microbial composition, and the role of dietary intake in shaping gut health. By exploring the intricate connections between exercise, diet, and gut microbiota, this research aims to contribute to advancements in sports science, nutrition, and public health, ultimately enhancing both athletic performance and general well-being.