Variation of Surface Pollutants and Their Influence on Lightning Development in the Urban Cities of Northern India

IF 1.5 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Environmental Quality Management Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI:10.1002/tqem.70035

Alka Gautam, Vikram Singh, Alok Sagar Gautam, Penki Ramesh Kumar, Pushpendra Singh Soni, Balram Ambade, Mohammed Alshehri, Surendra Pratap Singh

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Lightning development and its variation with surface pollutants like particulate matter (PM₁₀), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were investigated in two urban cities of northern India, one from the high-altitude region Haldwani (Uttarakhand) and the other from Indo-Gangetic plain region, Agra (Uttar Pradesh). Lightning data is retrieved from Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) satellite for the period (2018–2022). Surface pollutants data is obtained from Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board for the same period. In the high altitude Haldwani region, it is observed that SO₂ is very well correlated (CC = 0.95) with lightning flash frequency compared to other surface pollutants PM₁₀ and NO₂ in the pre-monsoon season (March–May). Annual mean values of lightning and concentration of surface pollutants in both study regions indicate that lightning frequency is higher in the high-altitude region of Haldwani than Agra, which is situated in the Indo-Gangetic plain region of Uttar Pradesh. No significant correlation is observed between lightning and meteorological variables in Haldwani region. However, a significant correlation is observed between lightning and 2-m air temperature in Agra. A distinct relation is observed between lightning and surface pollutants in the high-altitude region of Haldwani and the Indo-Gangetic plain region of Agra. The present study shows that high concentrations of SO₂, associated with intense convection, are one of the reasons for the high lightning frequency in the high-altitude region of Haldwani.

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印度北部城市地表污染物变化及其对闪电发展的影响

在印度北部两个城市，一个来自高海拔地区Haldwani (Uttarakhand)，另一个来自印度-恒河平原地区Agra (Uttar Pradesh)，研究了闪电的发展及其与表面污染物如PM10、二氧化硫（SO2）和二氧化氮（NO2）的变化。闪电数据是从国际空间站（ISS）卫星上的闪电成像传感器（LIS）检索的，时间为2018-2022年。地表污染物数据来自同一时期的北方邦污染控制委员会。在高海拔Haldwani地区，在季风前季节（3 - 5月），与其他地面污染物PM10和NO2相比，SO2与闪电频率的相关性非常好（CC = 0.95）。两个研究区域的闪电年平均值和地表污染物浓度表明，Haldwani高海拔地区的闪电频率高于位于北方邦印度河-恒河平原地区的Agra。Haldwani地区雷电与气象变量间无显著相关。然而，在阿格拉，闪电与2米的气温之间存在显著的相关性。在Haldwani的高海拔地区和Agra的印度河-恒河平原地区，闪电和地表污染物之间存在明显的关系。研究表明，高浓度SO2与强对流是造成Haldwani高海拔地区闪电频率高的原因之一。

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来源期刊

Environmental Quality Management Environmental Science-Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

CiteScore

2.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Four times a year, this practical journal shows you how to improve environmental performance and exceed voluntary standards such as ISO 14000. In each issue, you"ll find in-depth articles and the most current case studies of successful environmental quality improvement efforts -- and guidance on how you can apply these goals to your organization. Written by leading industry experts and practitioners, Environmental Quality Management brings you innovative practices in Performance Measurement...Life-Cycle Assessments...Safety Management... Environmental Auditing...ISO 14000 Standards and Certification..."Green Accounting"...Environmental Communication...Sustainable Development Issues...Environmental Benchmarking...Global Environmental Law and Regulation.