The Football Effect: Comparing European Identity Between Fans and Non-Fans

Tobias Finger, Jonas Biel, Daniel Stockemer, Arne Niemann, Vincent Reinke, Jens Jungblut, Radosław Kossakowski, Ramon Llopis-Goig, Dobrosław Mańkowski
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Abstract

The formation of European identities is a pivotal issue for the cohesion of the European community in times of multiple crises. Based on theories of identity formation through habitualisation, we posit that football fandom—a ubiquitous, emotional, strongly Europeanised activity in everyday life—holds unique potential for fostering a sense of a shared European identity. Football fandom provides habitual contact, interaction and experiences of Europe, shaping fans' European identity formations. We use new representative survey data from four European countries (Germany, Norway, Poland, and Spain) to examine the relationship between football fandom and various dimensions of European identity. The results largely support our hypotheses, demonstrating that football fans exhibit stronger attachments to Europe and the EU, greater support for European integration and a more positive assessment of EU membership than non-fans.

足球效应:比较欧洲球迷与非球迷的身份认同
在多重危机时期,欧洲身份的形成是欧洲共同体凝聚力的关键问题。基于通过习惯化形成身份的理论,我们认为足球迷——一种在日常生活中无处不在的、情绪化的、强烈欧洲化的活动——在培养共同的欧洲身份认同感方面具有独特的潜力。足球迷提供了对欧洲的习惯性接触、互动和体验,塑造了球迷的欧洲身份形成。我们使用来自四个欧洲国家(德国、挪威、波兰和西班牙)的新代表性调查数据来研究足球迷与欧洲身份的各个方面之间的关系。结果在很大程度上支持了我们的假设,表明球迷对欧洲和欧盟的依恋更强,对欧洲一体化的支持更大,对欧盟成员国身份的评价也比非球迷更积极。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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