Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Self-Reported Cognitive Difficulty among Older Adults: Evidence from New York City

IF 1 Q4 GERONTOLOGY

Ageing International Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI:10.1007/s12126-025-09591-2

Ethan Siu Leung Cheung, Jinyu Liu

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Abstract

This study examined racial and ethnic disparities in self-reported cognitive difficulty among older adults in New York City and whether physical health, family structure, and individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) partially accounted for the association between race and ethnicity and self-reported cognitive difficulty. This study merged data from the American Community Survey 2019 and New York City Community District Profiles. Cognitive difficulty was measured by a dichotomous variable indicating whether a respondent self-reported having cognitive difficulty. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to examine the research questions. Results suggested that Latinos/Hispanics had the highest odds of reporting cognitive difficulty across groups. Physical health and individual SES were common attributes linked to disparities among Latinos/Hispanics and Blacks compared to Whites. Neighborhood SES contributed to the disparity for Latinos/Hispanics, whereas family structure was a unique attribute for Blacks. No significant factor was identified for disparities between Asians and Whites. Our findings shed light on intervention directions to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in cognitive difficulty.

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老年人自我报告认知困难的种族和民族差异：来自纽约市的证据

本研究调查了纽约市老年人自我报告的认知困难的种族和民族差异，以及身体健康、家庭结构、个人和社区社会经济地位（SES）是否部分解释了种族和民族与自我报告的认知困难之间的关联。这项研究合并了2019年美国社区调查和纽约市社区概况的数据。认知困难是通过一个二分类变量来衡量的，表明被调查者是否自我报告有认知困难。采用多水平逻辑回归对研究问题进行检验。结果表明，拉美裔/西班牙裔人群报告认知困难的几率最高。与白人相比，身体健康和个人社会经济地位是导致拉丁裔/西班牙裔和黑人之间差异的共同因素。社区的社会经济地位导致了拉美裔和西班牙裔的差异，而家庭结构则是黑人的一个独特特征。没有发现造成亚洲人和白人之间差异的重要因素。我们的研究结果为减少认知困难的种族差异提供了干预方向。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Ageing International GERONTOLOGY-

CiteScore

2.70

自引率

6.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： As a quarterly peer-reviewed journal that has existed for over three decades, Ageing International serves all professionals who deal with complex ageing issues. The journal is dedicated to improving the life of ageing populations worldwide through providing an intellectual forum for communicating common concerns, exchanging analyses and discoveries in scientific research, crystallizing significant issues, and offering recommendations in ageing-related service delivery and policy making. Besides encouraging the submission of high-quality research and review papers, Ageing International seeks to bring together researchers, policy analysts, and service program administrators who are committed to reducing the ''implementation gap'' between good science and effective service, between evidence-based protocol and culturally suitable programs, and between unique innovative solutions and generalizable policies. For significant issues that are common across countries, Ageing International will organize special forums for scholars and investigators from different disciplines to present their regional perspectives as well as to provide more comprehensive analysis. The editors strongly believe that such discourse has the potential to foster a wide range of coordinated efforts that will lead to improvements in the quality of life of older persons worldwide. Abstracted and Indexed in: ABI/INFORM, Academic OneFile, Academic Search, CSA/Proquest, Current Abstracts, EBSCO, Ergonomics Abstracts, Expanded Academic, Gale, Google Scholar, Health Reference Center Academic, OCLC, PsychINFO, PsyARTICLES, SCOPUS, Social Science Abstracts, and Summon by Serial Solutions.